General Discussion
Related: Editorials & Other Articles, Issue Forums, Alliance Forums, Region ForumsHappy Emma Nutt Day! The world's first female telephone operator starts her new job 141 yrs ago
Emma Nutt (July 1860 1915) became the world's first female telephone operator on September 1, 1878, when she started working for the Edwin Holmes Telephone Despatch [sic] Company (or the Boston Telephone Dispatch Company) in Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
Life and career
In January 1878, the Boston Telephone Dispatch Company had started hiring boys as telephone operators, starting with George Willard Croy. Boys (reportedly including Nutt's husband) had been very successful as telegraphy operators, but their attitude (lack of patience) and behavior (pranks and cursing) were unacceptable for live phone contact, so the company began hiring women operators instead. Thus, on September 1, 1878, Nutt was hired, starting a career that lasted between 33 and 37 years, ending with her retirement sometime between 1911 and 1915. A few hours after Nutt started working, her sister Stella became the world's second female telephone operator, also making the pair the first two sister telephone operators in history. Unlike her sister, Stella only remained on the job for a few years.
The customer response to her soothing, cultured voice and patience was overwhelmingly positive, so boys were soon replaced by women. In 1879 these included Bessie Snow Balance, Emma Landon, Carrie Boldt, and Minnie Schumann, the first female operators in Michigan.
Nutt was hired by Alexander Graham Bell, who is credited with inventing the first practical telephone; apparently she changed jobs from a local telegraph office. She was paid a salary of $10 per month for a 54-hour week. Reportedly, she could remember every number in the telephone directory of the New England Telephone Company.
To be an operator, a woman had to be unmarried and between the ages of seventeen and twenty-six. She had to look prim and proper, and have arms long enough to reach the top of the tall telephone switchboard. Like many other American businesses at the turn of the century, telephone companies discriminated against people from certain ethnic groups and races. For instance, African-American and Jewish women were not allowed to become operators.
Commemoration
This scene from "Bold Experiment the Telephone Story", depicts the first women operators, Emma and Stella Nutt, working alongside boy operators at the Edwin Holmes Telephone Despatch Co. Boston, Massachusetts in 1878.
"EMMA", a synthesized speech attendant system created by Preferred Voice and Philips Electronics is named in her honor.
1 September is unofficially commemorated as Emma M. Nutt Day.
Her granddaughter?
bobbieinok
(12,858 posts)Dennis Donovan
(18,770 posts)...and, admittedly, it's fun saying "Emma Nutt". Kinda like "Ima Hogg".
bobbieinok
(12,858 posts)Her Wiki entry shows her to have been a very impressive woman.
Dennis Donovan
(18,770 posts)PSPS
(13,598 posts)Dennis Donovan
(18,770 posts)Back before AT&T was evil.
asiliveandbreathe
(8,203 posts)In 2005, SBC purchased AT&T for $16 billion. After this purchase, SBC adopted the better-known AT&T name and brand, with the original AT&T Corp. still existing as the long-distance landline subsidiary of the merged company. The current AT&T claims the original AT&T Corp.'s history (dating to 1885) as its own.
Seems SBC has instilled their lack of values they always had..I remember a customer from FL, was not happy with me, because I wouldn't take calls off his bill, he went over my head to my boss (was management at the time, was on a takeover call, unruly customer)..come to find out, he was a SBC employee..boy, did he catch it..talk about backfire..
Dennis Donovan
(18,770 posts)...and immediately set to destroy the unions. I had friends whose parents worked for NY Telephone - they made good money, sent their kids to college, had great health benefits, etc.
asiliveandbreathe
(8,203 posts)New England Telephone served most of the New England area of the United States, including Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont as a part of the original AT&T for seven decades. After the Bell System divestiture, it merged with New York Telephone to form NYNEX in 1984. After 1994, the name was no longer officially publicly used (although it was still used internally for portions of operations).
1983 American Bell, this was the year of bifurcation, 1984 ATT divestiture...and the PhoneCenter division, I had been with the PhoneCenter since beginning 1978..came over from training division..my alma mater - I made the right choice..CWA won unionization in PCS....although management, I welcomed the union, clear employee/management relationship..
hunter
(38,312 posts)She made a career of it.
Curiously she never married.
I'd speculate that operators who got married and had children were replaced.
smirkymonkey
(63,221 posts)Very interesting background. Also, it's pretty amazing that she could remember every phone number in the New England phone directory. Imagine what she could have done with an education!
Dennis Donovan
(18,770 posts)But what a cool place to occupy in history!
I collect antique radios and telephones so I just dig this stuff!
asiliveandbreathe
(8,203 posts)Ringdown communities...nope..1983 last one...
In telephony, ringdown is a method of signaling an operator in which telephone ringing current is sent over the line to operate a lamp or cause the operation of a self-locking relay known as a drop.
Ringdown is used in manual operation, as distinguished from automatic signaling by dialing a number. The signal consists of a continuous or pulsed alternating current (AC) signal transmitted over the line. It may be used with or without a telephone switchboard. The term originated in magneto telephone signaling in which cranking the magneto generator, either integrated into the telephone set or housed in a connected ringer box, would not only ring its bell but also cause a drop to fall down at the telephone exchange switchboard, marked with the number of the line to which the magneto telephone instrument was connected.
The last ringdown telephone exchange in the United States was located at Bryant Pond, Maine, had 400+ subscribers, and converted to dial service in October 1983.
Dennis Donovan
(18,770 posts)As a kid, one of my heroes was the guy from the telephone company who would come in, splice and connect the red, green and yellow wires to your new (or replacement) phone, and had that awesome "Lineman's Handset" which, in my telephone collecting, is a must-have item!
asiliveandbreathe
(8,203 posts)the other party could listen in..oops...I remember the line assigners, even though the order called for party line, they would assign a single line cable - pair.....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Party_line_(telephony)
Pacific Bell phased out most of its party lines by 1997, and the last ones operating in Nevada shut down in 2001. As of 2002, SBC Ameritech's only operating party lines were located in Michigan.[36] USA Today reported in 2000 that over 5,000 party lines still existed in the United States, but the majority of them were only connected to one telephone, and therefore appeared like individual telephone service at cheaper rates.
Ready for this one - In 1956, Southern Bell officials refused a request from a public utilities commissioner in Jackson, Mississippi to segregate party telephone lines on racial boundaries. Saner heads prevailed....
hunter
(38,312 posts)Turning the crank would ring all the neighbor's phones, as well as alerting the operator.
Each party had their own ring pattern.
A nosy neighbor on the shared line could listen in on any call.
This was in the 'sixties.
asiliveandbreathe
(8,203 posts)My job description below..
In the 1960s, once most phone subscribers had direct long-distance dialing, a single type of operator began to serve both the local and long distance functions. A customer might call to request a collect call, a call billed to a third number, or a person-to-person call. All toll calls from coin phones required operator assistance. The operator was also available to help complete a local or long-distance number which did not complete. For example, if a customer encountered a reorder tone (a fast busy signal), it could indicate "all circuits busy," or a problem in the destination exchange. The operator might be able to use a different routing to complete the call. If the operator could not get through by dialing the number, she could call the inward operator in the destination city, and ask her to try the number, or to test a line to see if it was busy or out of order.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_switchboard
Who didn't have a family member working for Ma Bell..that PT job turned into a FT job upon graduation..retired with 30 years..broke service for 5 years..retired '98...held many jobs ..spent last twenty years in Management..was a great career..
Talk about remembering Tel. numbers..I remember exchanges from Massachusetts..and area codes (602 NH, 207 Maine, 401 RI, 203 CT) from surrounding states to this day..Walpole MA , Montrose 8(668), or Framingham MA Trinity (87) (872,3,5,7,9) etc etc..I honestly believe that is why I love math..
Did you know in 1964, when I was hired, we had to sign employment papers that included "I AM not a communist"
Dennis Donovan
(18,770 posts)You must've endured "Ernestine" comments as well. "One ringy-dingy".
asiliveandbreathe
(8,203 posts)For sure, those godless commies...my, we have come a long way.....
flor-de-jasmim
(2,125 posts)Sorry for the overgeneralization.
Hortensis
(58,785 posts)in its reminder that rights of all women were so limited and oppression of most people so normal in those days, reassuring that we do advance, irregularly.
"If you had to choose one moment in history in which to be born, and you didn't know in advance whether you were going to be male or female, which country you were going to be from, what your status was, you'd choose right now." ~ Barack Obama
asiliveandbreathe
(8,203 posts)bought a car, went FT, and never looked back..held many jobs, from dial bureau (assigning telephone numbers to orders, new, change etc etc..to dispatcher of installers 1967, we had one woman, in a sea of men, who was a line assigner, cable and pair for tel. connection, installers used this info at time of install..1972 I came back to work in the business office, the primo job at the time....lot's of history, lots of promos when women were seen as more than an operator..a long journey that I look back on with fond memories...
Hortensis
(58,785 posts)Your fond memories of a life as an employee doing work worth doing are interesting for your line of work, but also valuable about what work was and can be. I wish they were read by all those who are currently being insidiously lead to view employment through a prism of class resentment, as though exploitation, discrimination and being devalued is all work in a free enterprise system could ever be.
Vinca
(50,271 posts)I really stunk at it. So badly, in fact, I disconnected Lady Bird Johnson once.
Dennis Donovan
(18,770 posts)If so, I pray he wasn't talking about "nut sacks" and "bung holes"!
Vinca
(50,271 posts)LittleWoman
(259 posts)My grandmother was a telephone operator for Bell in Minneapolis from about 1910 to 1945--not sure of the exact years. She passed away in 1952. She was working during the Armistice Blizzard of 1941 and the operators had to sleep at the exchange because of the blizzard they had no way to get home. One good benefit of that job was Bell had generous provisions for employees to purchase stock and as one might guess it appreciated very nicely over the years.
asiliveandbreathe
(8,203 posts)due to a blizzard...brings me to my experience during the great blackout of 1965 New England and NY..I was just coming up on the end of my shift..around 6pm..all operators required to stay..they brought in cots.. I stayed another couple hours, started shift at 9am. made my way to a gas station that had a generator..and then off to my second job at the Framingham Motor Inn - I worked the cord board.. had to hand crank the 2 position board for juice to the rooms and out going calls....people were coming in from the Mass Pike, and we were the first Inn off the highway - no one knew until later how it happened...
I will never forget that night, I got a call shortly after getting to the Inn, from my Mom's neighbor to come home, the Fire Dept was there, Mom had decided to light the fireplace, but she forgot to open the flew, and the house filled with smoke - Mom had terrible asthma, and the neighbor took her in..
Folk lore a squirrel chewed the lines..nope.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northeast_blackout_of_1965
AllaN01Bear
(18,216 posts)this countyies emplyment history is and has been discrimatory from the begining.
GreatCaesarsGhost
(8,584 posts)It was from 1977 I think.