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Dennis Donovan

(18,770 posts)
Sun Sep 1, 2019, 11:30 AM Sep 2019

Happy Emma Nutt Day! The world's first female telephone operator starts her new job 141 yrs ago

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emma_Nutt



Emma Nutt (July 1860 – 1915) became the world's first female telephone operator on September 1, 1878, when she started working for the Edwin Holmes Telephone Despatch [sic] Company (or the Boston Telephone Dispatch Company) in Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.

Life and career
In January 1878, the Boston Telephone Dispatch Company had started hiring boys as telephone operators, starting with George Willard Croy. Boys (reportedly including Nutt's husband) had been very successful as telegraphy operators, but their attitude (lack of patience) and behavior (pranks and cursing) were unacceptable for live phone contact, so the company began hiring women operators instead. Thus, on September 1, 1878, Nutt was hired, starting a career that lasted between 33 and 37 years, ending with her retirement sometime between 1911 and 1915. A few hours after Nutt started working, her sister Stella became the world's second female telephone operator, also making the pair the first two sister telephone operators in history. Unlike her sister, Stella only remained on the job for a few years.

The customer response to her soothing, cultured voice and patience was overwhelmingly positive, so boys were soon replaced by women. In 1879 these included Bessie Snow Balance, Emma Landon, Carrie Boldt, and Minnie Schumann, the first female operators in Michigan.

Nutt was hired by Alexander Graham Bell, who is credited with inventing the first practical telephone; apparently she changed jobs from a local telegraph office. She was paid a salary of $10 per month for a 54-hour week. Reportedly, she could remember every number in the telephone directory of the New England Telephone Company.

To be an operator, a woman had to be unmarried and between the ages of seventeen and twenty-six. She had to look prim and proper, and have arms long enough to reach the top of the tall telephone switchboard. Like many other American businesses at the turn of the century, telephone companies discriminated against people from certain ethnic groups and races. For instance, African-American and Jewish women were not allowed to become operators.

Commemoration


This scene from "Bold Experiment – the Telephone Story", depicts the first women operators, Emma and Stella Nutt, working alongside boy operators at the Edwin Holmes Telephone Despatch Co. Boston, Massachusetts in 1878.

"EMMA", a synthesized speech attendant system created by Preferred Voice and Philips Electronics is named in her honor.

1 September is unofficially commemorated as Emma M. Nutt Day.




Her granddaughter?
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Happy Emma Nutt Day! The world's first female telephone operator starts her new job 141 yrs ago (Original Post) Dennis Donovan Sep 2019 OP
Thanks for posting. I didn't know this history. bobbieinok Sep 2019 #1
Neither did I... Dennis Donovan Sep 2019 #2
What horrible parents--their last name is Hogg, so they name daughter Ima bobbieinok Sep 2019 #6
Impressive, beautiful, completely mis-named! Dennis Donovan Sep 2019 #11
Here's a Bell System film about early operators. The intro talks about Nutt. PSPS Sep 2019 #3
Thanks!! Dennis Donovan Sep 2019 #4
ATT - not my ATT..we had values, and mission statements, loyalty from company.. asiliveandbreathe Sep 2019 #12
Like when Verizon bought NYNEX (previously NY Telephone) Dennis Donovan Sep 2019 #13
Yes, bifurcation 1983, divestiture 1984 - I went with the Mothership ATT, we had a choice.. asiliveandbreathe Sep 2019 #16
My wife's great aunt was a telephone operator in those days, until she retired in the 'fifties. hunter Sep 2019 #21
Thanks for posting Dennis! smirkymonkey Sep 2019 #5
Granted, the numbers were 2-4 digits back then 😉 Dennis Donovan Sep 2019 #8
So much history..thanks for a walk down memory lane..I wanted to know if there are still asiliveandbreathe Sep 2019 #17
I'm guessing "party lines" are also a thing of the past... Dennis Donovan Sep 2019 #19
Good question..party line requests, it was cheaper..but we had to tell customers asiliveandbreathe Sep 2019 #20
My great grandma's house had a wooden phone on the wall with a hand crank. hunter Sep 2019 #22
A pic at link shows the long bank of positions from 1943..I worked at one in 1964 (still in HS) asiliveandbreathe Sep 2019 #7
God forbid the godless commies mis-direct your call to Emma Goldman! Dennis Donovan Sep 2019 #10
That was one of the funniest skits..for sure "one-ringy-dingy" asiliveandbreathe Sep 2019 #15
So even back then they knew to keep young males away from social media. flor-de-jasmim Sep 2019 #9
Great story, thanks! Interesting, funny, infuriating Hortensis Sep 2019 #14
You are so right..although, I'm not complaining..was a great PT job, still in HS, 17 years old, asiliveandbreathe Sep 2019 #18
:) I've been enjoying your look back into that era. Hortensis Sep 2019 #25
I was briefly a telephone operator at Southern Bell in the late '60s. Vinca Sep 2019 #23
Was LBJ on the other end? Dennis Donovan Sep 2019 #26
LOL - I don't think so. I don't remember the other party. Nut sacks I'd remember. Vinca Sep 2019 #28
My grandmother was a telephone operator for Bell LittleWoman Sep 2019 #24
Your story of your grandmother, as an operator who had to sleep at the exchange asiliveandbreathe Sep 2019 #29
interesting post AllaN01Bear Sep 2019 #27
Last night on Johnny Carson rerun, he mentioned her in his monologue. GreatCaesarsGhost Sep 2019 #30

bobbieinok

(12,858 posts)
6. What horrible parents--their last name is Hogg, so they name daughter Ima
Sun Sep 1, 2019, 11:54 AM
Sep 2019

Her Wiki entry shows her to have been a very impressive woman.

asiliveandbreathe

(8,203 posts)
12. ATT - not my ATT..we had values, and mission statements, loyalty from company..
Sun Sep 1, 2019, 12:08 PM
Sep 2019

In 2005, SBC purchased AT&T for $16 billion. After this purchase, SBC adopted the better-known AT&T name and brand, with the original AT&T Corp. still existing as the long-distance landline subsidiary of the merged company. The current AT&T claims the original AT&T Corp.'s history (dating to 1885) as its own.

Seems SBC has instilled their lack of values they always had..I remember a customer from FL, was not happy with me, because I wouldn't take calls off his bill, he went over my head to my boss (was management at the time, was on a takeover call, unruly customer)..come to find out, he was a SBC employee..boy, did he catch it..talk about backfire..

Dennis Donovan

(18,770 posts)
13. Like when Verizon bought NYNEX (previously NY Telephone)
Sun Sep 1, 2019, 12:12 PM
Sep 2019

...and immediately set to destroy the unions. I had friends whose parents worked for NY Telephone - they made good money, sent their kids to college, had great health benefits, etc.

asiliveandbreathe

(8,203 posts)
16. Yes, bifurcation 1983, divestiture 1984 - I went with the Mothership ATT, we had a choice..
Sun Sep 1, 2019, 12:24 PM
Sep 2019

New England Telephone served most of the New England area of the United States, including Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont as a part of the original AT&T for seven decades. After the Bell System divestiture, it merged with New York Telephone to form NYNEX in 1984. After 1994, the name was no longer officially publicly used (although it was still used internally for portions of operations).

1983 American Bell, this was the year of bifurcation, 1984 ATT divestiture...and the PhoneCenter division, I had been with the PhoneCenter since beginning 1978..came over from training division..my alma mater - I made the right choice..CWA won unionization in PCS....although management, I welcomed the union, clear employee/management relationship..

hunter

(38,312 posts)
21. My wife's great aunt was a telephone operator in those days, until she retired in the 'fifties.
Sun Sep 1, 2019, 01:12 PM
Sep 2019

She made a career of it.

Curiously she never married.

I'd speculate that operators who got married and had children were replaced.

 

smirkymonkey

(63,221 posts)
5. Thanks for posting Dennis!
Sun Sep 1, 2019, 11:51 AM
Sep 2019

Very interesting background. Also, it's pretty amazing that she could remember every phone number in the New England phone directory. Imagine what she could have done with an education!

Dennis Donovan

(18,770 posts)
8. Granted, the numbers were 2-4 digits back then 😉
Sun Sep 1, 2019, 11:59 AM
Sep 2019

But what a cool place to occupy in history!

I collect antique radios and telephones so I just dig this stuff!

asiliveandbreathe

(8,203 posts)
17. So much history..thanks for a walk down memory lane..I wanted to know if there are still
Sun Sep 1, 2019, 12:31 PM
Sep 2019

Ringdown communities...nope..1983 last one...

In telephony, ringdown is a method of signaling an operator in which telephone ringing current is sent over the line to operate a lamp or cause the operation of a self-locking relay known as a drop.

Ringdown is used in manual operation, as distinguished from automatic signaling by dialing a number. The signal consists of a continuous or pulsed alternating current (AC) signal transmitted over the line. It may be used with or without a telephone switchboard. The term originated in magneto telephone signaling in which cranking the magneto generator, either integrated into the telephone set or housed in a connected ringer box, would not only ring its bell but also cause a drop to fall down at the telephone exchange switchboard, marked with the number of the line to which the magneto telephone instrument was connected.

The last ringdown telephone exchange in the United States was located at Bryant Pond, Maine, had 400+ subscribers, and converted to dial service in October 1983.

Dennis Donovan

(18,770 posts)
19. I'm guessing "party lines" are also a thing of the past...
Sun Sep 1, 2019, 12:44 PM
Sep 2019

As a kid, one of my heroes was the guy from the telephone company who would come in, splice and connect the red, green and yellow wires to your new (or replacement) phone, and had that awesome "Lineman's Handset" which, in my telephone collecting, is a must-have item!

asiliveandbreathe

(8,203 posts)
20. Good question..party line requests, it was cheaper..but we had to tell customers
Sun Sep 1, 2019, 12:57 PM
Sep 2019

the other party could listen in..oops...I remember the line assigners, even though the order called for party line, they would assign a single line cable - pair.....

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Party_line_(telephony)

oops...In December 1942, University of Tennessee's strategy in an American football game versus University of Mississippi was revealed to the opposing coach as a telephone on the Ole Miss team's bench had been inadvertently wired to the same party line..


In 1989, the Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company replaced party lines with individual lines in Talcott, West Virginia, a rural area which once had as many as sixteen subscribers on one line.[32] Universities also phased out the systems, which were once common in student dormitories. Illinois State University terminated its last party line in 1990.[33] Woodbury, Connecticut's independent telephone company abandoned its last party lines in 1991, the last in that state to do so.[34] The same year, Southwestern Bell announced its intentions to replace all of its party lines in Texas with individual line service by November 1994,[35] and the company's last party line finally shut down in 1996.

Pacific Bell phased out most of its party lines by 1997, and the last ones operating in Nevada shut down in 2001. As of 2002, SBC Ameritech's only operating party lines were located in Michigan.[36] USA Today reported in 2000 that over 5,000 party lines still existed in the United States, but the majority of them were only connected to one telephone, and therefore appeared like individual telephone service at cheaper rates.


Ready for this one - In 1956, Southern Bell officials refused a request from a public utilities commissioner in Jackson, Mississippi to segregate party telephone lines on racial boundaries. Saner heads prevailed....

hunter

(38,312 posts)
22. My great grandma's house had a wooden phone on the wall with a hand crank.
Sun Sep 1, 2019, 01:21 PM
Sep 2019

Turning the crank would ring all the neighbor's phones, as well as alerting the operator.

Each party had their own ring pattern.

A nosy neighbor on the shared line could listen in on any call.

This was in the 'sixties.

asiliveandbreathe

(8,203 posts)
7. A pic at link shows the long bank of positions from 1943..I worked at one in 1964 (still in HS)
Sun Sep 1, 2019, 11:57 AM
Sep 2019

My job description below..

In the 1960s, once most phone subscribers had direct long-distance dialing, a single type of operator began to serve both the local and long distance functions. A customer might call to request a collect call, a call billed to a third number, or a person-to-person call. All toll calls from coin phones required operator assistance. The operator was also available to help complete a local or long-distance number which did not complete. For example, if a customer encountered a reorder tone (a fast busy signal), it could indicate "all circuits busy," or a problem in the destination exchange. The operator might be able to use a different routing to complete the call. If the operator could not get through by dialing the number, she could call the inward operator in the destination city, and ask her to try the number, or to test a line to see if it was busy or out of order.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_switchboard

Who didn't have a family member working for Ma Bell..that PT job turned into a FT job upon graduation..retired with 30 years..broke service for 5 years..retired '98...held many jobs ..spent last twenty years in Management..was a great career..

Talk about remembering Tel. numbers..I remember exchanges from Massachusetts..and area codes (602 NH, 207 Maine, 401 RI, 203 CT) from surrounding states to this day..Walpole MA , Montrose 8(668), or Framingham MA Trinity (87) (872,3,5,7,9) etc etc..I honestly believe that is why I love math..

Did you know in 1964, when I was hired, we had to sign employment papers that included "I AM not a communist"

Dennis Donovan

(18,770 posts)
10. God forbid the godless commies mis-direct your call to Emma Goldman!
Sun Sep 1, 2019, 12:05 PM
Sep 2019


You must've endured "Ernestine" comments as well. "One ringy-dingy".

asiliveandbreathe

(8,203 posts)
15. That was one of the funniest skits..for sure "one-ringy-dingy"
Sun Sep 1, 2019, 12:13 PM
Sep 2019

For sure, those godless commies...my, we have come a long way.....

Hortensis

(58,785 posts)
14. Great story, thanks! Interesting, funny, infuriating
Sun Sep 1, 2019, 12:12 PM
Sep 2019

in its reminder that rights of all women were so limited and oppression of most people so normal in those days, reassuring that we do advance, irregularly.

"If you had to choose one moment in history in which to be born, and you didn't know in advance whether you were going to be male or female, which country you were going to be from, what your status was, you'd choose right now." ~ Barack Obama

asiliveandbreathe

(8,203 posts)
18. You are so right..although, I'm not complaining..was a great PT job, still in HS, 17 years old,
Sun Sep 1, 2019, 12:39 PM
Sep 2019

bought a car, went FT, and never looked back..held many jobs, from dial bureau (assigning telephone numbers to orders, new, change etc etc..to dispatcher of installers 1967, we had one woman, in a sea of men, who was a line assigner, cable and pair for tel. connection, installers used this info at time of install..1972 I came back to work in the business office, the primo job at the time....lot's of history, lots of promos when women were seen as more than an operator..a long journey that I look back on with fond memories...

Hortensis

(58,785 posts)
25. :) I've been enjoying your look back into that era.
Sun Sep 1, 2019, 01:32 PM
Sep 2019

Your fond memories of a life as an employee doing work worth doing are interesting for your line of work, but also valuable about what work was and can be. I wish they were read by all those who are currently being insidiously lead to view employment through a prism of class resentment, as though exploitation, discrimination and being devalued is all work in a free enterprise system could ever be.

Vinca

(50,271 posts)
23. I was briefly a telephone operator at Southern Bell in the late '60s.
Sun Sep 1, 2019, 01:25 PM
Sep 2019

I really stunk at it. So badly, in fact, I disconnected Lady Bird Johnson once.

LittleWoman

(259 posts)
24. My grandmother was a telephone operator for Bell
Sun Sep 1, 2019, 01:31 PM
Sep 2019

My grandmother was a telephone operator for Bell in Minneapolis from about 1910 to 1945--not sure of the exact years. She passed away in 1952. She was working during the Armistice Blizzard of 1941 and the operators had to sleep at the exchange because of the blizzard they had no way to get home. One good benefit of that job was Bell had generous provisions for employees to purchase stock and as one might guess it appreciated very nicely over the years.

asiliveandbreathe

(8,203 posts)
29. Your story of your grandmother, as an operator who had to sleep at the exchange
Sun Sep 1, 2019, 03:34 PM
Sep 2019

due to a blizzard...brings me to my experience during the great blackout of 1965 New England and NY..I was just coming up on the end of my shift..around 6pm..all operators required to stay..they brought in cots.. I stayed another couple hours, started shift at 9am. made my way to a gas station that had a generator..and then off to my second job at the Framingham Motor Inn - I worked the cord board.. had to hand crank the 2 position board for juice to the rooms and out going calls....people were coming in from the Mass Pike, and we were the first Inn off the highway - no one knew until later how it happened...

I will never forget that night, I got a call shortly after getting to the Inn, from my Mom's neighbor to come home, the Fire Dept was there, Mom had decided to light the fireplace, but she forgot to open the flew, and the house filled with smoke - Mom had terrible asthma, and the neighbor took her in..

Folk lore a squirrel chewed the lines..nope.

On a particularly cold November evening, power demands for heating, lighting, and cooking were pushing the electrical system to near its peak capacity. Transmission lines heading into southern Ontario were heavily loaded. The safety relay had been mis-programmed


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northeast_blackout_of_1965
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