§ 953. Private correspondence with foreign governments.
Any citizen of the United States, wherever he may be, who, without authority of the United States, directly or indirectly commences or carries on any correspondence or intercourse with any foreign government or any officer or agent thereof, with intent to influence the measures or conduct of any foreign government or of any officer or agent thereof, in relation to any disputes or controversies with the United States, or to defeat the measures of the United States, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than three years, or both.
This section shall not abridge the right of a citizen to apply himself, or his agent, to any foreign government, or the agents thereof, for redress of any injury which he may have sustained from such government or any of its agents or subjects.
Since Giuliani went to Ukraine on Trump's behalf, arguably that would be with the authority of the United States, since Trump is the president; and there's also the question of whether he was communicating with Ukraine "in relation to any disputes or controversies with the United States, or to defeat the measures of the United States." Ukraine wasn't engaged in a dispute or controversy with the U.S., but it's at least arguable that his efforts were intended to "defeat the measures of the United States." But the Logan Act has never actually been used. And three years isn't nearly a long enough sentence.
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