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Related: Editorials & Other Articles, Issue Forums, Alliance Forums, Region Forumsan easy to read condensed version of the ruling stating Trump more than likely committed crimes
The ruling is public domain, not at all copyrighted, so the 4 paragraph rule doesn't apply.I have removed footnotes and broken up long paragraphs into smaller ones for ease of digestion purposes, but no other material alterations were made at all, this is straight copied text.
https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840.260.0_4.pdf
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Attempts to obstruct
Section 1512(c)(2) requires that the obstructive conduct have a nexus . . . to a specific
official proceeding that was either pending or was reasonably foreseeable to [the person]
when he engaged in the conduct. President Trump attempted to obstruct an official
proceeding by launching a pressure campaign to convince Vice President Pence to disrupt the
Joint Session on January 6.
President Trump facilitated two meetings in the days before January 6 that were
explicitly tied to persuading Vice President Pence to disrupt the Joint Session of Congress. On
January 4, President Trump and Dr. Eastman hosted a meeting in the Oval Office with Vice
President Pence, the Vice Presidents counsel Greg Jacob, and the Vice Presidents Chief of
Staff Marc Short.
At that meeting, Dr. Eastman presented his plan to Vice President Pence,
focusing on either rejecting electors or delaying the count. When Vice President Pence was
unpersuaded, President Trump sent Dr. Eastman to review the plan in depth with the Vice
Presidents counsel on January 5. Vice President Pences counsel interpreted Dr. Eastmans
presentation as being on behalf of the President.
On the morning of January 6, President Trump made several last-minute revised
appeal[s] to the Vice President to pressure him into carrying out the plan. At 1:00 am,
President Trump tweeted: If Vice President @Mike_Pence comes through for us, we will win
the Presidency . . . Mike can send it back! At 8:17 am, President Trump tweeted: All Mike
Pence has to do is send them back to the States, AND WE WIN. Do it Mike, this is a time for
extreme courage!
Shortly after, President Trump rang Vice President Pence and once again
urged him to make the call and enact the plan. Just before the Joint Session of Congress
began, President Trump gave a speech to a large crowd on the Ellipse in which he warned,
[a]nd Mike Pence, I hope youre going to stand up for the good of our Constitution and for the
good of our country. And if youre not, Im going to be very disappointed in you. I will tell you
right now.
President Trump ended his speech by galvanizing the crowd to join him in
enacting the plan: [L]ets walk down Pennsylvania Avenue to give Vice President Pence and
Congress the kind of pride and boldness that they need to take back our country.
Together, these actions more likely than not constitute attempts to obstruct an official
proceeding.
Official proceeding
The Court next analyzes whether the Joint Session of Congress to count electoral votes
on January 6, 2021, constituted an official proceeding under the obstruction statute. The
United States Code defines official proceeding to include a proceeding before the
Congress.
The Twelfth Amendment outlines the steps to elect the President, culminating in
the President of the Senate opening state votes in the presence of the Senate and House of
Representatives. Dr. Eastman does not dispute that the Joint Session is an official
proceeding.
While there is no binding authority interpreting proceeding before the Congress,
ten colleagues from the District of Columbia have concluded that the 2021 electoral count was
an official proceeding within the meaning of section 1512(c)(2), and the Court joins those
well-reasoned opinions.
Corrupt intent
A person violates § 1512(c) when they obstruct an official proceeding with a corrupt
mindset. The Ninth Circuit has not defined corruptly for purposes of this statute.222 However,
the court has made clear that the threshold for acting corruptly is lower than consciousness
of wrongdoing, meaning a person does not need to know their actions are wrong to break
the law.
Because President Trump likely knew that the plan to disrupt the electoral count was
wrongful, his mindset exceeds the threshold for acting corruptly under § 1512(c).
President Trump and Dr. Eastman justified the plan with allegations of election fraud
but President Trump likely knew the justification was baseless, and therefore that the entire
plan was unlawful.
Although Dr. Eastman argues that President Trump was advised several
state elections were fraudulent, the Select Committee points to numerous executive branch
officials who publicly stated and privately stressed to President Trump that there was no
evidence of fraud.
By early January, more than sixty courts dismissed cases alleging fraud due
to lack of standing or lack of evidence, noting that they made strained legal arguments
without merit and speculative accusations and that there is no evidence to support
accusations of voter fraud.
President Trumps repeated pleas for Georgia Secretary of
State Raffensperger clearly demonstrate that his justification was not to investigate fraud, but to
win the election: So what are we going to do here, folks? I only need 11,000 votes. Fellas, I
need 11,000 votes. Give me a break.
Taken together, this evidence demonstrates that
President Trump likely knew the electoral count plan had no factual justification.
The plan not only lacked factual basis but also legal justification. Dr. Eastmans memo
noted that the plan was BOLD, Certainly. The memo declared Dr. Eastmans intent to step
outside the bounds of normal legal practice: were no longer playing by Queensbury Rules.
In addition, Vice President Pence very consistent[ly] made clear to President Trump that the
plan was unlawful, refusing many times to unilaterally reject electors or return them to the
states.
In the meeting in the Oval Office two days before January 6, Vice President Pence
stressed his immediate instinct that there is no way that one person could be entrusted by the
Framers to exercise that authority.
Dr. Eastman argues that the plan was legally justified as it was grounded on a good
faith interpretation of the Constitution. But ignorance of the law is no excuse, and
believing the Electoral Count Act was unconstitutional did not give President Trump license to
violate it.
Disagreeing with the law entitled President Trump to seek a remedy in court, not to
disrupt a constitutionally-mandated process.
And President Trump knew how to pursue
election claims in courtafter filing and losing more than sixty suits, this plan was a last-ditch
attempt to secure the Presidency by any means.
The illegality of the plan was obvious. Our nation was founded on the peaceful transition
of power, epitomized by George Washington laying down his sword to make way for
democratic elections.
Ignoring this history, President Trump vigorously campaigned for the
Vice President to single-handedly determine the results of the 2020 election.
As Vice President Pence stated, no Vice President in American history has ever asserted such authority.
Every Americanand certainly the President of the United Statesknows that in a democracy,
leaders are elected, not installed. With a plan this BOLD, President Trump knowingly tried
to subvert this fundamental principle.
Based on the evidence, the Court finds it more likely than not that President Trump
corruptly attempted to obstruct the Joint Session of Congress on January 6, 2021.
Conspiracy to defraud the United States
The Select Committee also alleges that President Trump, Dr. Eastman, and others
conspired to defraud the United States by disrupting the electoral count, in violation of 18
U.S.C. § 371.
That crime requires that (1) at least two people entered into an agreement to
obstruct a lawful function of the government (2) by deceitful or dishonest means, and (3) that a
member of the conspiracy engaged in at least one overt act in furtherance of the agreement.
Agreement to obstruct a lawful government function.
As the Court discussed at length above, the evidence demonstrates that President
Trump likely attempted to obstruct the Joint Session of Congress on January 6, 2021.
While the Court earlier analyzed those actions as attempts to obstruct an official proceeding,
Congress convening to count electoral votes is also a lawful function of government within the
meaning of 18 U.S.C. § 371, which Dr. Eastman does not dispute.
An agreement between co-conspirators need not be express and can be inferred from
the conspirators conduct.
There is strong circumstantial evidence to show that there was
likely an agreement between President Trump and Dr. Eastman to enact the plan articulated in
Dr. Eastmans memo.
In the days leading up to January 6, Dr. Eastman and President Trump
had two meetings with high-ranking officials to advance the plan.
On January 4, President Trump and Dr. Eastman hosted a meeting in the Oval Office to persuade
Vice President Pence to carry out the plan.
The next day, President Trump sent Dr. Eastman
to continue discussions with the Vice Presidents staff, in which Vice President Pences counsel
perceived Dr. Eastman as the Presidents representative. Leading small meetings in the heart
of the White House implies an agreement between the President and Dr. Eastman and a shared
goal of advancing the electoral count plan.
The strength of this agreement was evident from President Trumps
praise for Dr. Eastman and his plan in his January 6 speech on the Ellipse: John is one of the
most brilliant lawyers in the country, and he looked at this and he said, What an absolute
disgrace that this can be happening to our Constitution.
Based on these repeated meetings and statements, the evidence shows that an agreement
to enact the electoral count plan likely existed between President Trump and Dr. Eastman.
Deceitful or dishonest means.
Obstruction of a lawful government function violates § 371 when it is carried out by
deceit, craft or trickery, or at least by means that are dishonest. While acting on a good
faith misunderstanding of the law is not dishonest, merely disagreeing with the law does not
constitute a good faith misunderstanding . . . because all persons have a duty to obey the law
whether or not they agree with it.
The Court discussed above how the evidence shows that President Trump likely knew
that the electoral count plan was illegal. President Trump continuing to push that plan despite
being aware of its illegality constituted obstruction by dishonest means under § 371.
The evidence also demonstrates that Dr. Eastman likely knew that the plan was
unlawful. Dr. Eastman heard from numerous mentors and like-minded colleagues that his plan
had no basis in history or precedent.
Fourth Circuit Judge Luttig, for whom Dr. Eastman
clerked, publicly stated that the plans analysis was incorrect at every turn. Vice President
Pences legal counsel spent hours refuting each part of the plan to Dr. Eastman, including
noting there had never been a departure from the Electoral Count Act and that not a single
one of [the] Framers would agree with [his] position.
Dr. Eastman himself repeatedly recognized that his plan had no legal support. In his
discussion with the Vice Presidents counsel, Dr. Eastman acknowledged the 100 percent
consistent historical practice since the time of the Founding that the Vice President did not
have the authority to act as the memo proposed.
More importantly, Dr. Eastman admitted
more than once that his proposal violate[d] several provisions of statutory law, including
explicitly characterizing the plan as one more relatively minor violation of the Electoral
Count Act. In addition, on January 5, Dr. Eastman conceded that the Supreme Court would
unanimously reject his plan for the Vice President to reject electoral votes.
Later that day, Dr. Eastman admitted that his more palatable idea to have the Vice President
delay, rather than reject counting electors, rested on the same basic legal theory
that he knew would not survive judicial scrutiny.
Dr. Eastmans views on the Electoral Count Act are not, as he argues, a good faith
interpretation of the law; they are a partisan distortion of the democratic process.
His plan was driven not by preserving the Constitution, but by winning the 2020 election:
[Dr. Eastman] acknowledged that he didnt think Kamala Harris should have that authority in 2024; he
didnt think Al Gore should have had it in 2000; and he acknowledged that no small government
conservative should think that that was the case.
Dr. Eastman also understood the gravity of his plan for democracyhe acknowledged [y]ou
would just have the same party win continuously if [the] Vice President had the authority to just
declare the winner of every State.
The evidence shows that Dr. Eastman was aware that his plan violated the Electoral
Count Act. Dr. Eastman likely acted deceitfully and dishonestly each time he pushed an
outcome-driven plan that he knew was unsupported by the law.
Overt acts in furtherance of the conspiracy President Trump and Dr. Eastman participated in
numerous overt acts in furtherance of their shared plan.
As detailed at length above, President Trumps acts to strong-arm Vice
President Pence into following the plan included meeting with and calling the Vice President
and berating him in a speech to thousands outside the Capitol. Dr. Eastman joined for one of
those meetings, spent hours attempting to convince the Vice Presidents counsel to support the
plan, and gave his own speech at the Ellipse demanding the Vice President stand up and
enact his plan.
Based on the evidence, the Court finds that it is more likely than not that President
Trump and Dr. Eastman dishonestly conspired to obstruct the Joint Session of Congress on
January 6, 2021.
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an easy to read condensed version of the ruling stating Trump more than likely committed crimes (Original Post)
Celerity
Mar 2022
OP
Who made the plan? Who was in on it? This is conspiracy against the United States.
onecaliberal
Mar 2022
#1
onecaliberal
(32,811 posts)1. Who made the plan? Who was in on it? This is conspiracy against the United States.
Shortly after, President Trump rang Vice President Pence and once again
urged him to make the call and enact the plan.
What are we waiting for?