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Related: Editorials & Other Articles, Issue Forums, Alliance Forums, Region ForumsMarijuana use dramatically increases risk of dying from heart attacks and stroke, large study finds
Using marijuana doubles the risk of dying from heart disease, according to a new analysis of pooled medical data involving 200 million people mostly between the ages of 19 and 59.
“What was particularly striking was that the concerned patients hospitalized for these disorders were young (and thus, not likely to have their clinical features due to tobacco smoking) and with no history of cardiovascular disorder or cardiovascular risk factors,” said senior author Émilie Jouanjus, an associate professor of pharmacology at the University of Toulouse, France, in an email.
Compared to nonusers, those who used cannabis also had a 29% higher risk for heart attacks and a 20% higher risk for stroke, according to the study published Tuesday in the journal Heart.
“This is one of the largest studies to date on the connection between marijuana and heart disease, and it raises serious questions about the assumption that cannabis imposes little cardiovascular risk,” said pediatrician Dr. Lynn Silver, a clinical professor of epidemiology and biostatistics at University of California, San Francisco.
https://www.yahoo.com/news/marijuana-doubles-risk-dying-heart-223003966.html
Do heroin instead, look what it did for me. - Bobby Brainworm
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dweller
(26,832 posts)I didn’t get polled
🤔
✌🏻
MagickMuffin
(17,805 posts)I’ve known a lot of people who have heart disease and never had anything to do with Cannabis, but had a lot to do with their diets.
I’ve known Cannabis users who have excellent health.
Prairie Gates
(5,645 posts)take diet into consideration. These professional scientists who designed the study and their various peer reviewers probably never considered that. Great point!
Also, the fact that you know cannabis users who are in great health probably does dispute and invalidate this entire study. Another excellent point.
Great job.
SheltieLover
(71,413 posts)
MagickMuffin
(17,805 posts)However, dad and fil both died of heart issues. Never smoked cannabis.
SheltieLover
(71,413 posts)Bohner is a classic example banging his fucking fist over the evil weed, then took lucrative position on some pot company board.
Happy Hoosier
(9,002 posts)I had an aunt that smoked like a chimney. She dies in her 80’s of heart failure, but never got lung cancer and on her death bed said that the fact that she didn’t get lung cancer meant smoking doesn’t cause lung cancer.
Bernardo de La Paz
(57,017 posts)appmanga
(1,206 posts)...did they take blunts into consideration?
Faux pas
(15,782 posts)excellent health 👏 76 years old, smoking since I was 27. The only prescription I take is thyroid, take a lot of vitamins and supplements for my immune system. Had a complete physical in March, except osteoarthritis, everything is perfect.
I've never smoked all day every day, smoke now mostly in high pain times or just to round out the sharp corners of my brain. 
Calling BULLSHIT on the so-called study.
MagickMuffin
(17,805 posts)I always question these studies. It always seems to be doomsday doom and gloom.
Glad you’re still kicking it.
Faux pas
(15,782 posts)know that big pharma needs to have anything natural destroyed, won't be caught playing their game lol. Keep on keeping on MagickMuffin! Sending you the best Peace, Love and Joy vibes 
TheBlackAdder
(29,583 posts)Put the shorty down. I'll give you Funyuns and Cheetos.
leftyladyfrommo
(19,875 posts)Pot is negatively impacting opioid sales because it has way fewer side effects than the expensive pharma drugs.
JI7
(92,309 posts)Happy Hoosier
(9,002 posts)You don’t like them.
leftyladyfrommo
(19,875 posts)Honestly I haven't ever heard of anyone getting sick. This is just my experience but the heart problem people I have known have mostly eaten themselves into heart and liver problems. Or mixed smoking with drinking or other drugs.
A lot of older people are smoking because it really helps with pain and it doesn't cause awful constipation. It helps with sleep and anxiety, too. And it's so much cheaper for us old folks that live on Social Security.
But any kind of smoking irritates the lungs.
Dixiegrrrl
(105 posts)😁
BlueTsunami2018
(4,486 posts)Poor guy.
synni
(451 posts)Therefore, smoking is good for you.
Emile
(35,886 posts)EdmondDantes_
(610 posts)Those are good for you. Unfortunately people are prone to believing what they want, not what the evidence shows.
Emile
(35,886 posts)Everyone's body chemistry is different. I have had two back surgeries and the only thing that helps my pain is cannabis. Without it, my senior years would be horrible. I'm being more active now and it has helped my blood pressure.
That's all the evidence I need!
maxsolomon
(36,896 posts)-Sen. Joni Ernst, IA
Blues Heron
(7,173 posts)
durablend
(8,422 posts)dem4decades
(12,957 posts)The Revolution
(844 posts)From the article:
“We found that vascular function was reduced by 42% in marijuana smokers and by 56% in THC-edible users compared to nonusers,” Dr. Leila Mohammadi, an assistant researcher in cardiology at the University of California, San Francisco, told CNN in a prior interview.
dem4decades
(12,957 posts)
Ms. Toad
(37,283 posts)I tried a THC beverage for the very first time about 6 months ago, and had a second one a month or so later. (First time ever for any cannabis/THC.) I wasn't a fan of the feeling it gave me, so I had expected those would be not only my first but my last. This gives me one more reason to avoid it.
Blues Heron
(7,173 posts)Gore1FL
(22,547 posts)I use edibles more now and smoke less to avoid that.
Bernardo de La Paz
(57,017 posts)Beausoleil
(2,999 posts)No smoking. Obvious health advantages, at least to me.
ProfessorGAC
(73,558 posts)Most extraction is done with ethanol, which is easily vacuum eliminated. What's left behind is in the ppb range.
Other processes use butane which is substantially more volatile, making removal even easier & more thorough.
Finally, some manufacturers use super critical CO2 to remove the THC. At room temperature, free CO2 is nearly instantly complete as long as some modest heating is done to prevent cooling by evaporation.
The scary word "chemicals" are not at issue with cannabis extracts
Bernardo de La Paz
(57,017 posts)
2naSalit
(97,317 posts)Take my chances, I'm at the point where an early exit is becoming a desirable possibility, even though I'm almost 70, been a user for decades.
At least there's a chance I'd go with a smile on my face!
Bernardo de La Paz
(57,017 posts)If usage tends to making people sedentary ("couch lock" ) or over-consuming munchies, those effects are secondary and avoidable. Or possibly couch potatoes are more prone to using. Other factors need to be explored because, for example, there is correlation with self-medication and avoidance of alcoholic behaviour. Simply excluding tobacco use is useful, but not definitive.
I wonder if there is, for example, correlation between use of anti-depressants and heart attacks / stroke. I was able to find this:
ImNotGod
(854 posts)The Revolution
(844 posts)Kid Berwyn
(21,227 posts)From the paper:
"Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors."
Direct translation:
"Not really interested in telling you who. Fuck off."
Actual meaning:
Big Pharma and Big Booze.
justaprogressive
(4,608 posts)https://www.heart.org/en/news/2024/02/28/marijuana-use-linked-to-higher-risk-of-heart-attack-and-stroke
Color me not impressed. & timing is suspect (CNN & Yahoo) almost 18mo old.
Ponietz
(3,952 posts)I laid off for this reason.
keep_left
(2,967 posts)...(e.g. edibles) lack the CV risks that are seen with smoking. I'm not actually that surprised, especially if the risk climbs with increasing use, because heavy smokers are certainly still loading their blood with substances like carbon monoxide. I don't know if cyanide is present in cannabis smoke, but it is definitely one of the components of tobacco smoke. The double-whammy of CO and cyanide is a big part of why tobacco smoke is so harmful.
MichMan
(15,446 posts)keep_left
(2,967 posts)...than smoking. That doesn't really make that much sense, but I haven't read the paper myself, and it's possible that there is some other effect being seen. It's probably difficult to adjust data according to dose, etc. I really need to read this; I used to work in neuroscience, and I'm quite intrigued by the findings here.
misanthrope
(8,930 posts)Only as an incident. I also saw no indication if frequency of use was accounted for and correlated.
Two hundred million is a big sample. I see where it was an "analysis of pooled data." How do you control for the consistency of rigor and detail in all the records you are accessing?
Blue Full Moon
(2,421 posts)People I know who had that heart condition never used marijuana or smoked. These scare stories are just that.
SheltieLover
(71,413 posts)
Jacson6
(1,416 posts)
SamKnause
(14,347 posts)I will take my chances.
-misanthroptimist
(1,387 posts)Pot-phobia has always baffled and amused me simultaneously.
RedWhiteBlueIsRacist
(838 posts) 
live love laugh
(15,583 posts)
msongs
(71,790 posts)
NNadir
(36,159 posts)I've been there, done that.
Usually one can queue up "alcohol is worse" responses which to me is a kind of logic that one would use to declare that breast cancer is OK because pancreatic cancer is worse.
The link on this yahoo news item is broken, but there are many scientific papers on this topic. One I just downloaded is Nature Reviews Cardiology Vol. 22 2025, 467-481.
My nephew has struggled with a pot problem exacerbated by clinical depression. It has broken my heart. I am one very pleased uncle that he seems to have recently kicked the habit and found his way into a career in HVAC contract work. I hope he sticks with it.
I hate pot. This does not mean I want people jailed for it, just that I abhor it's use.
usedtobedemgurl
(1,762 posts)In which edibles saved my life - I was suicidal from the pain and the Drs would not/could not help me, I am curious as to why you abhor the use of it. Before I was in my accident, I never understood why people would deny the use of cannabis to cancer patients. I always thought that was cruel. Why do you abhor others finding comfort and relief in something? I assure you I would not be here without it.
NNadir
(36,159 posts)I'm sorry you're in pain, and I don't know your position with physicians and medical care or access to medical care, but to be frank, I'm deeply suspicious of self medication. If it works for you, fine. I'm not your doctor, or anyone's doctor, I'm a chemist.
Nightshade contains digitalis and has been used since antiquity for heart disease. A side effect of its use as a botanical was death.
The overwhelming use of marijuana is not for treatment of pain; it's recreational. I believe, and have observed, that it results in intellectual impairment. (Heroin does as well.) It is certainly not as harmful as nightshade, and to my knowledge, no one can overdose on pot, but that said, many of the more than 500 biologically active compounds do have health effects.
I have stated that I am against laws for pot abuse (or use). This is very different than saying I support use. I don't.
I had a major bicycle accident when I was a young man. It was so severe that they ran an EEG to see if they should take my organs for transplants. I was unconscious in an ICU for three days and when I came to, connected to a vast array of wires and tubes, including several connected to my internal organs, I was in extreme pain from wounds and broken ribs. They gave me morphine drips. They killed the pain, but they had an awful side effect, which was that I wanted to listen to the Grateful Dead, even though I understood that they seldom played in tune. In that case, I accepted the intellectual impairment, because the pain would have been worse without it.
The fact that morphine effectively killed my pain, however, did not inspire me to think that people should be able to buy morphine over the counter in self medication scenarios. That said, if I had cancer or severe chronic pain, particularly that which involved a terminal disease, I would probably have no problem with becoming a morphine addict.
The article I cited in my previous post is here: Chandy, M., Jimenez-Tellez, N. & Wu, J.C. The relationship between cannabis and cardiovascular disease: clearing the haze. Nat Rev Cardiol 22, 467–481 (2025)
Excerpts from the full text:
...Robust evidence from basic science and clinical studies supports the association between cannabis use and cardiovascular diseases1,10,11,16,18. Before the legalization and decriminalization of cannabis, only small and retrospective studies suggested that cannabis is linked to myocardial infarction (MI)73. Cannabis has now been shown to be associated with adverse cardiovascular events, and heavier use is associated with a greater risk74. In a cross-sectional study, the adjusted odds ratios for coronary heart disease (CHD), MI and cerebrovascular accident were 1.16 (95% CI 0.98–1.38), 1.25 (95% CI 1.07–1.46) and 1.42 (95% CI 1.20–1.68), respectively, for daily cannabis users compared with non-users74. However, less frequent use of cannabis was also associated with an increased risk of CHD, MI and cerebrovascular accident74. In the YOUNG-MI registry, a retrospective cohort study of young adults (aged ≤50 years) with MI, cannabis users were more likely than non-users to have a premature MI18...
...Arrhythmias
...In a retrospective study from a Danish registry in 5,391 patients with chronic pain who used cannabis, a link was reported between cannabis use and new-onset arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation or flutter, conduction disorders, paroxysmal tachycardias and ventricular arrhythmias)85. Cannabis users had an absolute risk of new-onset arrhythmias of 0.8% (95% CI 0.6–1.1%), whereas non-users had an absolute risk of 0.4% (95% CI 0.3–0.5%)85. The annual risk ratio was 1.36 (95% CI 1.00–1.73)85. Cannabis use disorder, defined as an inability to stop using marijuana despite adverse health effects or social problems, is associated with increased occurrence of atrial fibrillation, hospital admissions for uncontrolled atrial fibrillation and thromboembolic events86,87. Moreover, cannabis use disorder and associated arrhythmias are more common in younger patients86. After cannabis exposure, heart rate transiently increases due to increased sympathetic tone and decreased parasympathetic tone10...
...Cardiomyopathy
Cannabis-induced cardiomyopathy has been described in case reports90. An observational study using the UK Biobank found that cannabis was associated with changes in cardiac structure and function91. Cardiac MRI analyses have revealed that cannabis use is associated with larger indexed left ventricular end-diastolic volume, left ventricular end-systolic volume and impaired global circumferential strain after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, systolic blood pressure, use of cholesterol-lowering medication, diabetes, smoking and alcohol consumption91. In addition, cannabis use has been linked to heart failure, with an underlying ischaemic mechanism92.
Preclinical data suggest that endocannabinoids can cause cardiac dysfunction via CB1 activation, whereas CB2-mediated signalling might mitigate adverse cardiac remodelling...
It seems, as is the case with morphine, and/or fentanyl, which also very effectively kills pain, there are side effects. (This is true with pharmaceutical compounds, but they are generally administered under medical care.)
I'm sorry you're in pain, and I wish you well. If pot makes you feel less pain, I believe you, but none of this makes me feel that I should start applauding the use of pot. The intellectual impairment aspects alone lead me to continue to abhor its use for most people, and yes, I continue to abhor its use in general.
usedtobedemgurl
(1,762 posts)And I understand you did not straight up say I was giving you crap, but with that being your first sentence, I felt it was implied.
I wanted to understand the cruelty in the world. When the world is so unkind and cruel already, it feels (to me) it can always use more kindness and understanding.
As for me, I was nowhere near what you were. I believe the effects were cumulative. When I was much younger, I was in a car accident that left me bed ridden for 6 months. I have been in 13 car accidents (none of them my fault). Each one had effects on me. With this one, I was taken to the hospital by ambulance. My car was wrecked enough, it could not be driven. I expressed immense pain in the ER. They sent me away with valium (for relaxing my back, not for anything mental), two Motrin and a single lidocaine patch.
I have seen 13 different professionals, from a PTSD therapist to a concussion specialist, a neurologist, a PT and even a speech therapist. I have seen double of some. For example, I was in so much pain, my first PT said I was in too much pain to help.
My speech therapist asked what changed, when I seemed to have my pain under control. I told her I was doing Delta 8. At one point, we had another appointment and I was in tears. She asked what had changed. I told her I wanted to see if my pain had tapered off, so I was taking a week long break from Delta 8. She told me to get back in it immediately. Maybe it was her medical opinion. Maybe she remembered how she was the one who had to call in help, when I was suicidal from pain. Maybe both? Maybe something else, but as a medical professional: she realized in order for me to function, I needed this.
Then there were folks like my pain specialist. Before Delta 8, I decided if it were a choice between pain and sleep, I would just sleep. I started taking sleeping/pain pills every time I woke up. I told this to her, hoping she would think that must be a lot of pain and trying to figure out what we could do about it. Instead, she said it as abuse and said she would never give me pills. Well, I never asked for pills. The last thing I want is to be addicted. And I understand that the first time you ask for pills, they peg you as a drug addict, compare that to me telling my concussion dr about it (I knew he would be reading my chart and would see I was abusing sleeping pills). He asked the milligram of what I was taking. He asked how many times a day I was consuming them and how many. He told me I was fine!!!!
Because I could not sleep, I went into a sleep study. I told them it was due to pain, but that was procedure, I guess? They do not allow you any distractions. No tv. No music. Nothing. I was left in the dark, alone with my pain. I cried, in pain, for 8 hours straight. I used a whole box of tissues while drying my tears. I finally fell asleep, exhausted, for 15 minutes, at the 5:00 hour. I snored during that time. Mostly because I have nasal problems anyway, but who is not stuffed up after crying that long? Then the pain woke me up again. I was diagnosed with sleep apnea, instead of pain keeping me awake. Anyone would be stuffed up after that much crying.
At first, I would go days without brushing my hair or even my teeth, because I would collapse in tears every time I did that. I would reach for my soda and break into tears from the pain of doing that. I could not even tilt my head back to drink the soda, because my neck would hurt so badly. I bought straws. Something as small as washing a couple of dishes would leave me in a dizzying amount of pain: I use paper plates now. I am on month three of eating nothing but takeout, because it is just easier on me. I am not talking about takeout for supper. I mean every single meal has been takeout, for two months. Not because I enjoy it, but because cooking a meal is too strenuous, because even with Delta 8, I have pain, but the drug makes it tolerable.
That is just the pain portion of my accident. I have five different types of headache since my accident. I did not know there were five different types you could have! They can go as long as three days in a row: I have light sensitivity. I have a brain injury and more. My speech therapist says I have the top three reasons for memory problems. I have problems remembering my own husband’s name!
Everyone handles things differently and have a different pain tolerance. I remember talking to a woman who had had an abortion. She said she was against abortion, because she had had one and she had regrets, so no one else should be allowed to have one. I told her I had the choice, chose abortion and never had a second of regret, so I want everyone to have a choice. You and I both had/had pain. Get it. You do not want anyone else to have pain meds because of your beliefs. I want them to have access because of my experience and beliefs. All I know is I would not be here if it were not for Delta 8. It has allowed me to do basic things, like brush my teeth, wash my hair or put on clothing. (For a while, I went to apts and out and about in pajamas, because it hurt too much to change clothing. I have had to have my husband dress me. I have had him cut up meals and feed me, because the pain was too great for me to do it) it has allowed me to live and tolerate my pain. If the drs could have done something for me, that would have been my first path. Before this, I did not drink (unless my job as a mystery shopper required it) or smoke. I did not do drugs. I hated to be out of control in any way. I struggled with hating the feeling of being high, versus being able to tolerate the pain. At times I still struggle with that, but I do it because it allows me to live my life day to day and my life altogether - I did not kill myself.
I am glad you are happy with the way you live your life. It is good you found a path forward.
I hope you have a nice weekend.
intheflow
(29,619 posts)I doubt edibles increase heart disease.
MichMan
(15,446 posts)
Attilatheblond
(6,643 posts)Enter my experiments with various gummy formulations. Now, cardiologist is tickled pink. Tests all show heart working extremely well. Still overweight and not enough exercise due to the spine issues, but sleeping decently after years of poor sleep due to pain.
Maybe getting sleep is a good thing?
Samael13
(38 posts)What i will say if true ill take my chances Marijuana helped me when traditional medicine failed. I wont claim perfection but im better with it than just on my psych meds alone.
Blue Full Moon
(2,421 posts)
electricmonk
(2,011 posts)even then I thought it was a bit insane to set something on fire and then inhale the smoke as deeply as possible and to not expect some kind of bad effects over the long term. Of course when you're young you think you're invincible anyway so I smoked away until one day I decided I didn't like it anymore.
I would like to see a study that breaks it down between inhaled and edibles.
TacosUberAlles
(88 posts)I can't smoke the stuff due to having Alpha 1 so I use edibles for pain relief.
Thank goodness for gummies! 😃
underpants
(191,407 posts)A little pinch between your cheek and gums.
Straight into the bloodstream
TacosUberAlles
(88 posts)I have not seen that for sale in dispensaries here.
I will have to check. Thanks XD
misanthrope
(8,930 posts)Which is why it works with cooking.
underpants
(191,407 posts)It drives a friend of mine crazy.
It doesn’t take me much. It works.
Bernardo de La Paz
(57,017 posts)Decarboxylation proceeds faster at higher temperatures, but there are practical limits to that. Likewise, longer time is more complete than shorter time, but there is little or no benefit to exceeding certain times.
The plant produces THC-acid (THCA) and a bunch of other cannabinols and related compounds. The plant form has carboxylic acid -COOH in the molecule. Heat over time makes it give up CO2, leaving a hydrogen where the COOH was. The result (THC) is the potent form.
A good starting point might be 40 minutes at 250 F, or 50 minutes at 240F. Interestingly that fits well with brownie cooking temperatures and time, bearing in mind that heat penetration does not equal the oven temperature. One site wrote up an (amateur scientist) experiment they did with ground cannabis in various oils in closed containers in boiling water baths (212 F) for four hours, with no prior decarb. They sent the results out to independent labs for assays. Spoiler - Olive oil, avocado oil, and clarified butter all did about the same with olive oil in the lead. They also did a batch boiled in a bath for 8 hours, double, and found no increase in THC.
underpants
(191,407 posts)It works for me but I’m a lightweight - doesn’t take me much. I dip edibles too. Couple minutes and 💥 bam!
AI overview
You can dip marijuana products, but it is important to understand the differences between commercially produced cannabis dips and raw cannabis flower:
Commercially available cannabis dips: These products are typically made with cannabis extracts (like THC or CBD) absorbed into a chewing substrate such as coco coir or plant fibers. They are specifically designed for dipping and are considered safer than attempting to dip raw cannabis flower.
Raw cannabis flower: It is not recommended to dip or chew raw cannabis flower. This is because:
Effectiveness: Raw cannabis contains inactive cannabinoid acids (THCA and CBDA). Heat is needed for these to convert into active THC and CBD that can provide effects.
Safety: Raw cannabis flower may contain harmful microorganisms like E. coli or Aspergillus, which are typically eliminated by heat (like when smoking). Ingesting raw flower could lead to health risks.
Dipping cannabis may have a slower onset of effects compared to smoking or vaping, but the effects may last longer.
misanthrope
(8,930 posts)I wonder how many others are here.
TacosUberAlles
(88 posts)I have only met a few others who have Alpha 1.
I do not have it in my liver, only in my lungs & nobody knows how I got it. My mom did have Sarcoidosis amongst some other fun things. It has to go way back in my family as nobody we know of in the last 8 decades has had it.
misanthrope
(8,930 posts)Last edited Sat Jun 21, 2025, 03:08 PM - Edit history (1)
I have spoken with a few others via Alpha Net.
Like you I show no liver damage thus far, which is amazing considering I drank like a fish for a few years in my youth. We are lucky in that regard.
My lung damage became evident in my 30s. Considering I grew up in a house with a smoker and American society was saturated with cigarette smoke throughout my youth, it is surprising I didn't notice before then. I was diagnosed with emphysema before age 40. I have been on weekly infusion therapy for 19 years now.
There are obviously carriers in my family line (hence its presence in me) but no others I know of who manifested the disease. The disease itself was only discovered about the time I was born in 1964. I have heard that testing for its presence is far more common now.
flvegan
(65,129 posts)*I really have no idea. Never touched the stuff, just going by what I've heard/read on the interwebs/seen in completely believable funny movies.
Emile
(35,886 posts)Traildogbob
(11,482 posts)And Seth are not worried. And they smoke the best quality known to man. None of that Paraquat shit the gubment dumped on us to kill those anti war hippies.
valleyrogue
(2,207 posts)THC levels are insanely high and can lead to a host of physical and mental problems. This isn't "reefer madness" silliness, either. It's pretty much a fact.
Legalizing it where it has been legalized is more trouble than it is worth.
aocommunalpunch
(4,516 posts)“More trouble than it is worth”? Working out pretty well where I live and we’re swimming in dispos.
misanthrope
(8,930 posts)to feel its effects, therefore exposing your lungs to less smoke?
Emile
(35,886 posts)will prevent people from using it?
Attilatheblond
(6,643 posts)
SSJVegeta
(1,117 posts)Jacson6
(1,416 posts)That's my attitude about all these silly health warnings. So if a person dies 1 year earlier from smoking dope then if they had lived a pot free life what difference does it make?
Emile
(35,886 posts)
Tree Lady
(12,534 posts)If that was true, he uses it for depression meds.
Response to Yo_Mama_Been_Loggin (Original post)
Name removed Message auto-removed
ecstatic
(34,851 posts)have severe mental problems now and are unable to lead normal lives. I tried it once (didn't inhale, lol) but for the most part I've managed to avoid it because I don't like smoke and I don't like taking random supplements or drugs. Nowadays, I figure there's potentially a shared genetic allergy so I'm not going to take anymore chances.
Chemical Bill
(2,844 posts)either cancer or some kind of cardio-vascular disease. Frankly, I'd rather a heart attack or stroke than cancer.
DavidDvorkin
(20,248 posts)I heard it many years ago, when the dangers of tobacco were being publicized, and then again more recently regarding the dangers of alcohol.