The Other Side of Noam Chomsky's Brilliant Mind
http://www.alternet.org/culture/other-side-noam-chomskys-brilliant-mind
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Its been more than five decades since you first wrote about universal grammar, the idea of an inborn capacity in every human brain that allows a child to learn language. What are some of the more recent developments in the field?
Well, that gets technical, but theres very exciting work going on refining the proposed principles of universal grammar. The concept is widely misunderstood in the media and in public discussions. Universal grammar is something different: it is not a set of universal observations about language. In fact, there are interesting generalizations about language that are worth studying, but universal grammar is the study of the genetic basis for language, the genetic basis of the language faculty. There cant be any serious doubt that something like that exists. Otherwise an infant couldnt reflexively acquire language from whatever complex data is around. So thats not controversial. The only question is what the genetic basis of the language faculty is.
Here there are some things that we can be pretty confident about. For one thing, it doesnt appear that theres any detectable variation among humans. They all seem to have the same capacity. There are individual differences, as there are with everything, but no real group differencesexcept maybe way at the margins. So that means, for example, if an infant from a Papua New Guinea tribe that hasnt had contact with other humans for thirty thousand years comes to Boulder, Colorado, it will speak like any kid in Colorado, because all children have the same language capacity. And the converse is true. This is distinctly human. There is nothing remotely like it among other organisms. What explains this?
Well, if you go back fifty years, the proposals that were made when this topic came on the agenda were quite complex. In order just to account for the descriptive facts that you saw in many different languages, it seemed necessary to assume that universal grammar permitted highly intricate mechanisms, varying a lot from language to language, because languages looked very different from one another.