Alternative History: What if the American Revolution failed or never happened?
Mid to late 18th Century. North-America is colonized by Britain, France and Spain. There was a short-lived uprising in the colonies, but the rebels were quickly defeated and the population appeased with representation in the british parliament.
What would North-America be like in such a parallel universe? What would the world be like?
* What would the relations between the Europeans and the indian nations be, if there were no USA pushing westward?
* King Louis XIV would not have spent a fortune supporting the american rebels against the British.
* Without the American Revolution, would the French Revolution in 1789 have happened the same way? After the French Revolution, France had to decide between democracy and socialism and they went for democracy. Would France have turned to socialism if there were no democratic precedent?
* Would Napoleon have sold Louisiana to Britain if there were no USA? Or to Spain?
* Without a French Revolution there would be no Napoleon and without Napoleon there would be no Vienna Congress where an international peace-treaty for Europe was negotiated.
* In reality, the German Revolution of 1848 failed, when the pro-democracy rebels were decimated by prussian soldiers sent by the german emperor. But would it even have happened? And without that revolution, would Germany even have a cultural connection to democracy? Would Germany even have that dream of one day becoming a unified nation instead of dozens of aristocratically ruled states?
* Without a French Revolution, there would still be Marxism (even more so in aristocratic societies), but would there also be Communism? With a French Revolution, would a moderate socialism (something akin to democratic socialism) remain the most extremist left-wing policy?
* Without Communism, what would Lenin do? Would there still be a Russian Revolution or would Russia remain a monarchy after WWI? If there were a Russian Revolution, would Russia become democratic? Socialist? Communist?
* Without democratic ideals, Germany would turn to the socialist ideas of Rousseau and Marx after WWI. The decline of imperial Germany and the rise of left-wing ideas would traumatize a young Adolph Hitler (just like they did in reality), leading to his radicalization. Germany wouldn't become a parliamentarian democracy, instead run by a soviet-like system. With government-structure less democratic and less liberal, it would be harder for the Nazis to climb to power.
* Mussolini began his career as a socialist, so his rise to power and his takeover of Italy and invention of fascism would have happened the same way.
* Without Hitler's rise to power, no WWII, no Holocaust, no Cold War and all that.
* 1930's Europe would be divided into a democratic/socialist France, a socialist Germany, a democratic/socialist Russia and a fascist Italy on one side, and monarchies in Britain and all of Eastern Europe on the other side.
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