Latin America
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How Not to Win Friends in Latin America
What motivated the Obama administration's new sanctions on Venezuela?
By Mark Weisbrot
March 18, 2015 | 2:40 p.m. EDT
Since the Obama administration decided last week to impose new sanctions on Venezuela, many people, including journalists, have inquired as to what motivated them to do this. Some are curious as to the apparent incongruity between this move and the White House decision in December to begin the process of normalizing relations with Cuba. Others are wondering why the administration would do something that so obviously hurts the opposition in Venezuela, at least in the short run. The main opposition group, the Democratic Unity Roundtable, issued a statement that did not support the sanctions: Venezuela is not a threat to anyone, it said in response to the White Houses absurd claim that Venezuela posed an extraordinary threat to U.S. national security. And then there is the problem of Washingtons isolation in the hemisphere, which has certainly increased with this latest move.
The contradiction between the Venezuela sanctions and the opening to Cuba is probably more apparent than real. A majority of the U.S. foreign policy establishment has wanted to normalize relations with Cuba since at least the 1990s. There is money to be made there, and most of those interested in getting rid of the Cuban government seem to believe correctly or not that it will be easier to do so if the island is opened up to commercial relations with the U.S. So beginning to normalize relations with Cuba is generally consistent with the broader strategy of opposition to Venezuela and other left governments that have been elected and re-elected since 1998.
It is only inconsistent if one sees the opening to Cuba as the beginning of a change in overall U.S. strategy for the region, one that seeks to reconcile with the huge hemispheric political shift that has taken place in the 21st century, and is sometimes known as Latin Americas second independence. President Rafael Correa of Ecuador succinctly expressed the regional governments disgust with the latest sanctions, saying that it reminds us of the darkest hours of our America, when we received invasions and dictatorships imposed by the imperialists. He then asked, Cant they understand that Latin America has changed? The short answer to his question is no. Washington is still some ways away from the hemispheric equivalent of Nixons trip to China in 1972, which was not just about beginning a process of opening diplomatic or commercial relations but also about coming to grips with the new reality that an independent Communist China was here to stay.
Even as the normalization of relations with Cuba proceeds, the White House plans to continue funding democracy promotion programs within the country as well as numerous others in the region.
The explanation of what the White House or whoever influenced them hopes to get out of these new Venezuela sanctions is less obvious. During the Obama presidency, there has been some struggle over Latin America policy among the various decision-makers. For example, when President Barack Obama wanted to restore ambassadorial relations with Venezuela in 2010, he was sabotaged by right-wing congressional offices and probably their allies in the State Department. Last summer, the administration moved a step closer to full diplomatic relations with Venezuela by receiving a Venezuelan chargé daffaires one step below ambassador in Washington. This, too, was met with some resistance and attempts from the right to blow up relations, in order to cut off the natural progress toward full diplomatic relations.
More:
http://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/world-report/2015/03/18/new-us-sanctions-on-venezuela-represent-a-miscalculation
OBenario
(604 posts)... times have changed. And accept Monroe Doctrine is dead.
Keeping such an old-fashioned, amateurish, unprofessional diplomacy won't be nice on the long term.
Thanks for sharing this very nice article.
Judi Lynn
(160,610 posts)or to organize, to resist getting shoved around.
It would make perfect sense that there would be a general expiration time on a policy like that.
What a shame it happened at all. So much better to see people creating their own democracies, looking forward to better days.
Demeter
(85,373 posts)Who got booted out?
It appears that Great Britain was booted out by Grover Cleveland and the MOnroe Doctrine on steroids he created. So, then the US thought it OWNED Venezuela?
20th century
The discovery of massive oil deposits in Lake Maracaibo during World War I proved to be pivotal for Venezuela, and transformed the basis of its economy from a heavy dependence on agricultural exports. It prompted an economic boom that lasted into the 1980s; by 1935, Venezuela's per capita gross domestic product was Latin America's highest.[36] Gómez benefited handsomely from this, as corruption thrived, but at the same time, the new source of income helped him centralize the Venezuelan state and develop its authority.
He remained the most powerful man in Venezuela until his death in 1935, although at times he ceded the presidency to others. The gomecista dictatorship system largely continued under Eleazar López Contreras, but from 1941, under Isaías Medina Angarita, was relaxed, with the latter granting a range of reforms, including the legalization of all political parties. After World War II, immigration from Southern Europe (mainly from Spain, Italy, Portugal, and France) and poorer Latin American countries markedly diversified Venezuelan society.
In 1945, a civilian-military coup overthrew Medina Angarita and ushered in a three-year period of democratic rule under the mass membership Democratic Action, initially under Rómulo Betancourt, until Rómulo Gallegos won the Venezuelan presidential election, 1947 (generally believed to be the first free and fair elections in Venezuela). Gallegos governed until overthrown by a military junta led by Marcos Pérez Jiménez and Gallegos' Defense Minister Carlos Delgado Chalbaud in the 1948 Venezuelan coup d'état.
Pérez Jiménez was the most powerful man in the junta (though Chalbaud was its titular president), and was suspected of being behind the death in office of Chalbaud, who died in a bungled kidnapping in 1950. When the junta unexpectedly lost the election it held in 1952, it ignored the results and Pérez Jiménez was installed as President, where he remained until 1958.
The military dictator Pérez Jiménez was forced out on 23 January 1958.[37] In an effort to consolidate the young democracy, the major political parties (with the notable exception of the Communist Party of Venezuela) signed the Punto Fijo Pact. Democratic Action and COPEI would dominate the political landscape for four decades.
In the 1960s, substantial guerilla movements occurred, including the Armed Forces of National Liberation and the Revolutionary Left Movement, which had split from Democratic Action in 1960. Most of these movements lay down their arms under Rafael Caldera's presidency (196974); Caldera had won the 1968 election for COPEI, being the first time a party other than Democratic Action took the presidency through a democratic election.
The election of Carlos Andrés Pérez in 1973 coincided with the 1973 oil crisis, in which Venezuela's income exploded as oil prices soared; oil industries were nationalized in 1976. This led to massive increases in public spending, but also increases in external debts, which continued into the 1980s when the collapse of oil prices during the 1980s crippled the Venezuelan economy. As the government started to devalue the currency in February 1983 to face its financial obligations, Venezuelans' real standards of living fell dramatically. A number of failed economic policies and increasing corruption in government led to rising poverty and crime, worsening social indicators, and increased political instability.[38]
Economic crises in the 1980s and 1990s led to a political crisis in which hundreds died in the Caracazo riots of 1989, two attempted coups in 1992,[39] and the impeachment of President Carlos Andrés Pérez (re-elected in 1988) for corruption in 1993. Coup leader Hugo Chávez was pardoned in March 1994 by president Rafael Caldera, with a clean slate and his political rights reinstated.
A collapse in confidence in the existing parties led to Chávez being elected president in 1998, and the subsequent launch of a "Bolivarian Revolution", beginning with a 1999 Constituent Assembly to write a new Constitution of Venezuela.
In April 2002, Chávez was briefly ousted from power in the 2002 Venezuelan coup d'état attempt following popular demonstrations by his opponents,[40] but he was returned to power after two days as a result of popular demonstrations by his supporters and actions by the military.[41]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuela
99th_Monkey
(19,326 posts)I know this may not be a popular view with some DU-ers, but remember who was
president in 2002, when Hugo Chavez was temporarily deposed by RW Generals under
the guidance and support of the CIA? None other than W.
Judi Lynn
(160,610 posts)That's why they had to settle for going the long route, with the constant barrage of hostility, propaganda, hiring the traitor class who never identified with real Venezuelans, anyway, to work to overthrow the peoples' elections.
99th_Monkey
(19,326 posts)Anyone with an opinion about USA's relations with Venezuela's thriving democracy owes it to themselves to watch this first-hand real time documentary of Bush's CIA's 2002 coup attempt.
I know Judi Lynn that you've probably already seen this, but I'm posting it for others who would benefit from seeing it.
cheers
Judi Lynn
(160,610 posts)was the funny trip taken to Venezuela by Eisenhower's Vice President Richard Nixon who got chased around, his car surrounded, and the holy bejesus scared out of him by protesters.
The corporate media presented it as a deadly attack on a fine US official by madmen who just went berserk for no reason at all. Figures, doesn't it?
They left readers simply bewildered, wondering if the mysterious Latin American world was going to rise against the poor, little frightened US population and slaughter everyone.
[center][/center]
Demeter
(85,373 posts)I didn't know that about Nixon...actually, I did.
The comedian David Frye had a routine in his record I am the president where (he plays both voices) Nelson Rockefeller comes back from South America, complaining about being pelted by ripe guavas, and Nixon remarked: "I was stoned in Venezuela", and Rocky replies: "I didn't have time for that!"
By WILLIAM GRIMESJAN. 29, 2011
David Frye, whose wicked send-ups of political figures like Lyndon B. Johnson, Hubert H. Humphrey and, above all, Richard M. Nixon, made him one of the most popular comedians in the United States in the late 1960s and early 1970s, died on Monday in Las Vegas, where he lived. He was 77.
The cause was cardiopulmonary arrest, a spokeswoman for the Clark County coroners office in Nevada said.
In the early 1960s Mr. Frye was a struggling impressionist working the clubs of Greenwich Village, relying on a fairly standard repertoire of Hollywood actors. Then he slipped Robert F. Kennedy into his act, basing his impression on a girlfriends comment that Kennedy sounded like Bugs Bunny.
Audiences loved it, and Mr. Frye began adding other politicians, capturing not just their vocal peculiarities but also their body language and facial expressions. His L.B.J., with a lugubrious hound-dog face and a Texas twang rich in slushy s sounds, became a trademark, as did his bouncy Hubert Humphrey.
David Frye in 1969, performing in character as President Richard M. Nixon on The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour. Credit CBS Photo Archive/Getty Images
But it was Nixon who made his career. Shoulders hunched, his deep-set eyes glowering, Mr. Frye captured the insecure, neurotic Nixon to perfection. I am the president his blustery tag line and the title of a 1969 comedy album he recorded for Elektra seemed to get at the essence of a powerful politician in desperate need of validation.
I do Nixon not by copying his real actions but by feeling his attitude, which is that he cannot believe that he really is president, Mr. Frye told Esquire magazine in 1971. Nixon also played the starring role in Mr. Fryes later albums Radio Free Nixon (1971), Richard Nixon Superstar (1971) and the Watergate satire Richard Nixon: A Fantasy (1973).
Mr. Frye added a panoply of political and cultural figures to his act. His William F. Buckley Jr., all darting tongue and wildly searching eyes, was stellar, but he also worked up dead-on impressions of George Wallace, Nelson Rockefeller, David Susskind, Billy Graham, Howard Cosell and a long list of film actors.
It was Nixon, however, who kept Mr. Frye a regular on the top television variety shows and at the big Las Vegas casinos, perhaps because he was one of the few politicians with a truly Shakespearean richness of character. In one skit Mr. Frye even had the president smoking marijuana and reporting, in hushed tones, I see spacious skies and fruited plains and amber waves of grain.
David Shapiro was born in Brooklyn and attended James Madison High School there. His father, who owned a highly successful office-cleaning business, was dead set against his sons going into show business, but even at the University of Miami, David was already doing mime impressions in campus productions. Soon he discovered he had an ear for distinctive Hollywood voices like Jimmy Stewart and Cary Grant and began doing vocal impressions as well.
After serving with an Army Special Services unit in France, he returned to New York and developed his act at small clubs while working as a salesman for his fathers company. At the Village Gate, where he was filling in for a regular in early 1966, talent scouts saw his Bobby Kennedy imitation and booked him on The Merv Griffin Show. Soon he was appearing on The Leslie Uggams Show, The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour and The Tonight Show.
Nixon came as a gift, but mastering the impression was a struggle. It took me a long time to get Nixon but it took the country a long time to get Nixon, Mr. Frye told Esquire. Nixon has these brooding eyes that look like my eyes. That helped a lot. But the voice is still the main thing. He has a radio announcers evenness of speech, very well modulated, and you cant pick out any highs and lows. If I hadnt had to do him, I wouldnt have tried.
Nixons departure from the scene took most of the air out of Mr. Fryes career. He capitalized on Watergate, although some radio stations refused to play material from Richard Nixon: A Fantasy, which they thought cut a little too close to the bone for some listeners.
Today I have regretfully been forced to accept the resignations of 1,541 of the finest public servants it has ever been my privilege to know, Mr. Fryes Nixon intones on the album. As the man in charge, I must accept full responsibility, but not the blame. Let me explain the difference. People who are to blame lose their jobs; people who are responsible do not.
In another skit, Nixon goes to the Godfather for help. You want justice? the Godfather asks. Not necessarily, Nixon replies.
With Nixons resignation in August 1974, Mr. Frye lost the best friend an impressionist ever had. He continued to perform and to add new impressions to his act: Jimmy Carter, Anwar El Sadat and Menachim Begin, among others. He recorded the comedy albums David Frye Presents the Great Debate (1980) and Clinton: An Oral History (1998). But he never enjoyed anything approaching the fame that the Johnson and Nixon years had given him.
He could see the end quite clearly.
Its a weird feeling, knowing that you can lose the guts of your act at any time, he told Time in 1974. Nixons presidential successor, Gerald R. Ford, offered scant hope. He looks like the guy in a science fiction movie who is the first one to see The Creature, Mr. Frye said.
He is survived by a sister, Ruth.
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/29/arts/29frye.html?_r=0
Judi Lynn
(160,610 posts)I never knew his background. So glad to see it, so sad he's gone.
No one has ever been as good as he was. The others seemed ridiculous by comparison.
99th_Monkey
(19,326 posts)And carrying water for the Bush Crime Family's global agenda.
Un-fucking-believable.
Judi Lynn
(160,610 posts)Bacchus4.0
(6,837 posts)Here's an understatement and a prayer from Marky: Although Venezuela is facing economic troubles right now, nobody knows when oil prices might rebound, or when the government might fix its most important economic problems.
Marksman_91
(2,035 posts)Or something idiotic like that? Guy sure doesn't seem to hit one, does he?