The Executioners of El Salvador
August 4, 2015
The Executioners of El Salvador
By Daniel Alarcon
Earlier this year, the International Business Times ran this bewildering headline: “El Salvador to Become Deadliest Peace-Time Country in the World.” It’s an odd turn of phrase; something about it doesn’t quite scan. Perhaps, given the context of life in El Salvador, it’s best to reëxamine what we mean when we say “peacetime.” Consider this: since the collapse, early last year, of the truce between local gangs and the government, the murder rate has risen by a staggering fifty-two per cent. Or this: El Salvador, with a population of a little over 6.3 million, registered more than six hundred murders in May, the most since the end of the civil war. (For comparison: despite its reputation for violence, Chicago, with a little under half the population of El Salvador, had forty-eight murders that same month.) Or this: more than thirty-five police officers have been killed so far in 2015. Everyone has been touched, directly or indirectly, by the chaos, and Salvadorans of every social class have learned to cope with the constant sense of insecurity. One friend likened returning home from abroad to being splashed with boiling water—and he wasn’t referring to the heat. If this is peacetime, one shudders to think what a war would look like.
I was in San Salvador two weeks ago, when El Faro, a local online newspaper, published an explosive investigation into a killing at a farm just a few hours from the capital. The article was entitled “Police Massacre in San Blas,” and it re-creates, through eyewitness testimony, the examination of forensic and ballistic reports, and private social-media postings by police who were present, the events of March 26th of this year, when eight alleged members of the gang Mara Salvatrucha were killed at a coffee plantation. The official story, reported at the time, told of a police raid and a subsequent shootout; Roberto Valencia, Daniel Valencia Caravantes, and Óscar Martínez, reporting for El Faro, uncovered something very different, a series of events that sounds more like an extrajudicial police killing. Most but not all of the dead were gang members, and some appeared to have been executed. The official story of an extended gun battle has also been called into question by El Faro’s reporters. One of the victims, Dennis, was just twenty years old, and had worked at the farm for six years as an “escribiente.” Basically, he lived onsite and kept track of the hours that all the employees worked. He was, by all accounts (except those of police), a quiet, church-going young man, not a gang member. Months before the killing, a local Mara Salvatrucha clique forced its way onto the compound. Its members occasionally slept at the house or partied there, and there was little the employees of the farm could do about it. Men like these don’t ask permission. A few weeks before he was killed by police, Dennis told his pastor about the uncomfortable situation. He said he was afraid. Moments before he died, Dennis was on the phone with his mother, Consuelo. She told El Faro’s reporters that she heard her son begging for his life. She lived close enough to hear the shots that killed him.
I met with one of the authors of the story, Óscar Martínez, the night before it went live on the Web site. Óscar is best known in the United States for “The Beast,” his 2013 chronicle of life on the harrowing migrant trail through Mexico. He’s always a bit manic, but that night, Óscar seemed unusually jittery, even anxious. He and his co-authors were all preparing to leave the country the following morning, for their own safety. This extraordinary measure says a lot about the kind of backlash that El Faro was expecting. As the violence has increased, the debate about what exactly should be done about it has become even more poisonous. Thus far, President Salvador Sánchez Cerén’s populist response has been to disown the truce that held for the better part of two years, and instead confront the gangs directly. No politician wants to be seen as soft on the gangs, which are rightly seen as a scourge. The public, for the most part, supports this strategy. For El Faro to criticize the police is to risk being seen as defenders of the gangs that everyone despises. Óscar had already received death threats for an earlier story about police misconduct.
Óscar, who is thirty-two, sees things differently. “We’re a society that knows nothing about peace,” he told me. “I’ve never lived it.” These days, El Salvador, he argued, is in the grip of something terrible, something frightening and lawless, and it’s natural for people to be outraged. But allowing police to kill with impunity is far too dangerous a proposition in a country with El Salvador’s history of state violence.
More:
http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-executioners-of-el-salvador?mbid=rss