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Caribbeans

(776 posts)
Sat Apr 30, 2022, 06:55 PM Apr 2022

DOE's Jigar Shah explains why DOE is backing a huge green hydrogen hub



The DOE’s Loan Programs Office has conditionally approved a $504 million loan guarantee for what’s expected to be one of biggest green hydrogen projects in the U.S.

In this episode of Catalyst, host Shayle Kann talks to Jigar Shah, director of the Department of Energy’s Loan Programs Office, about the ACES project. Shah explains what made ACES an attractive applicant to the Loan Programs Office, the government agency behind the conditional loan guarantee. They discuss why the salt-dome storage is essential to making the project work, and other uses for hydrogen beyond power production, like as a feedstock for ammonia production and other heavy industries. They also break down the difficulties in transporting hydrogen and the need to locate hydrogen production near consumption.
https://www.canarymedia.com/podcasts/catalyst-with-shayle-kann/hydrogen-meet-the-salt-dome

DOE Hydrogen Shot -- 1 for 1 in One Decade - $1 per 1 Kg H2 by 2030

$1 / Kg = a full tank for ~$6.00 - with zero emissions. This is the biggest energy revolution in at least 100 years.

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lapfog_1

(29,213 posts)
1. I've written about this sort of thing before
Sat Apr 30, 2022, 07:13 PM
Apr 2022

Hydrogen is NOT a fuel source... it is an energy transportation mechanism

To make hydrogen you need some other source of energy or reaction. Nuclear, solar, wind, or fossil fuel. Then you can make (directly or indirectly) hydrogen gas.

Once you have H2... then comes the problem of storing it. H2 is so small that it can tunnel through most solid metals... this will make it leak from most tanks that store it.

The energy density of H2 is actually very low... meaning that to use it for portable applications where you derive energy by burning H2 in the presence of oxygen to get heat and pressure (for driving pistons in an ICE for example) or use other chemical reactions to derive electricity (fuel cells) you need to either tote around an enormous tank or store in under great pressure.

The storing of H2 under pressure without leaking due to hydrogen permeability is a big challenge.

Doing so while ensuring that does not combine with O2 (from the air) and create a very combustive gas just waiting for a spark... well... that's yet another challenge.

So... other than making the stuff, storing the stuff, creating safe ways to transport it and dispense it to consumers... it's a great idea.

most car manufacturers have decided to go a different direction and use batteries or (long awaited) super capacitors to store electricity.

more power to them... I guess.

Caribbeans

(776 posts)
2. Just curious-
Sat Apr 30, 2022, 07:31 PM
Apr 2022

Do you think the Engineers at the DOE know any of the stuff you posted?

Or any of the top engineers of the >30 nations that have published "National Hydrogen Strategies"??

So... other than making the stuff, storing the stuff, creating safe ways to transport it and dispense it to consumers


Let me get this straight. Hydrogen made it possible to send astronauts to the moon a few times - with 1960's tech - yet in 2022 humans cannot figure out how to make it, store it and transport it?

Ridiculous. As for storing it, we now have carbon fibre tanks and dispenser tech is improving every year - for example Nel Hydrogen.


Modern H2 Cryo-tank - stores liquid H2 at -400 degrees

That new Cryo-tank above is for hydrogen airplanes - which are being built as you read this.

most car manufacturers have decided to go a different direction and use batteries or (long awaited) super capacitors to store electricity.


And many have not, and haven't even introduced their H2 cars yet - like BMW and Renault. China is the game changer - they are mass producing H2 cars and trucks right now. India is now prioritizing hydrogen.

Many arguments against hydrogen are either 40+ years old - and the "issues" have been solved yet the person making those arguments haven't heard, or they are from those that think there can only be one answer to electric mobility - and that is environmentally unfriendly batteries. Or lithium - ion battery salesmen, like Musk who is famous for saying "Hydrogen is Dumb".

It's 2022 and hydrogen is the next big thing.

Don't believe me, search and you will see.

lapfog_1

(29,213 posts)
4. Given that I contracted to the DOE for a few years (LLNL)
Sat Apr 30, 2022, 07:49 PM
Apr 2022

and worked at NASA for 10 years.

The answer to your question is YES...

And the hydrogen future, much like fusion power, is always "just a few years away"

I am not a fan of lithium ion batteries either. But right now, that is winning in the market place. That is the infrastructure that is being built out here, now. Well, not specifically lithium ion, but electric vehicles and charging stations.

And I know all about carbon fiber storage tanks.

I have have hope for nano-tech in the storage application.

But the fundamental issue is that you are using hydrogen gas as an energy transport and storage mechanism.. is it not a fuel "source". Any time you convert and store energy you have loss... just so happens that water (electrolysis into H2 / O2) and stored as H2 for transport and conversion later to mechanical or electric power involves a lot of loss.

So does electricity flowing over transmission lines. One of the great detractors of using nuclear power to generate electricity for our homes and cars is that the nuclear power generators must be located near population centers... to reduce the energy lost in transmission.

I'm not saying that there isn't a H2 solution in our future... I'm just saying there are more challenges and the market place (at least in automotive transportation) is going the other way.



Caribbeans

(776 posts)
6. If you just look, the hydrogen future is happening now. Not so much in the US-
Sat Apr 30, 2022, 08:09 PM
Apr 2022

but Asia, Australia, parts of Europe too. It hasn't made the US news very much until recently - and it still doesn't get the attention it should by a long shot, because the US media is broken and filled with idiots that have no idea what a "fuel cell" is.


I'm just saying there are more challenges and the market place (at least in automotive transportation) is going the other way.


Except it's not "going the other way" - most people don't even know that every single Li-Ion EV battery will die one day (maybe 8 years, maybe 12 years) and who is going to put a $12,000 - $20,000 part in a 12 year old car? BEV's may have ~3% of the market now but when people realize they must plan their driving around charging stations - that may or may not have lines making a ~30 minute charging session more like 1 1/2 hours - lots of them aren't going to want a battery electric vehicle. It's as simple as that.

What about recycling? Recycling a Li-Ion battery is NOT cost effective in 2022. Imagine mountains of dead 1+ ton Li-Ion batteries - just a few years ago Kinsbursky Recycling said it costs ~$3,200 to recycle ONE dead Tesla Model S battery.

India is the new kid on the H2 block- why can they get it before so many in the West?

India can be cheapest producer of green hydrogen: Kant. "The world cannot be dependent on lithium, cobalt and nickel...resources in the world are being managed by one country"

New Delhi: India can be the cheapest producer of Green Hydrogen in the world due to its enabling climatic conditions, NITI Aayog CEO Amitabh Kant said on Tuesday. In an interactive session at the Raisina Dialogue, Kant pointed out that India has brought down the cost of renewable energy.

"India has size and scale. India can be the cheapest producer of the Green Hydrogen in the world ... India is the only climatic-blessed country to do it," he said...
https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/renewable/india-can-be-cheapest-producer-of-green-hydrogen-kant/91113593

NNadir

(33,532 posts)
9. In order to appreciate an answer to this question, one needs to differentiate between funding for...
Sun May 1, 2022, 02:11 PM
May 2022

...public fantasies, which explains the long failed hydrogen and so called "renewable energy" scam, and something called "reality."

There is lots of funding for stuff that won't work. It is a mistake, a serious mistake, to cheer for popularity rather than what is workable. There is a name for this type of bad thinking. It's called the bandwagon fallacy.

Then there's the famous quote attributed to Upton Sinclair.

There is something called the "laws of thermodynamics" and there is also a place where it is discussed regularly, called "the primary scientific literature."

Hydrogen is not and never will be (on the planet Earth) a primary form of energy. Most good engineers know the second law of thermodynamics and anyone who reads the primary scientific literature can easily find how hydrogen is manufactured now, after half a century of the same bullshit refusing to die:

I'm catching up on some back reading. The following graphic came from this paper: Progress on Catalyst Development for the Steam Reforming of Biomass and Waste Plastics Pyrolysis Volatiles: A Review Laura Santamaria, Gartzen Lopez, Enara Fernandez, Maria Cortazar, Aitor Arregi, Martin Olazar, and Javier Bilbao Energy & Fuels 2021 35 (21), 17051-17084

Here's the graphic:



The caption:

Figure 1. Global current sources of H2 production (a), and H2 consumption sectors (b).


All of the primary energy sources in the pie chart in (a) have more energy than the hydrogen produced using them. This is the result of the 2nd law of thermodynamics.

Yet we still have people, year after year, decade after decade, calling this waste of primary energy in a shell game "green."

It's difficult to believe, but perhaps this is why we are seeing carbon dioxide concentrations scraping 421 ppm this week, less than ten years after we first saw concentrations of 400 ppm.

My feeling is that people should be required to have a passing familiarity with the laws of thermodynamics before being awarded a high school degree. It won't happen, but I think it should.


I cited the very recent paper in the primary scientific literature here: The current sources and uses of hydrogen.

The hydrogen scam, like the solar and wind scam, is nothing but a front for the continued reliance on dangerous fossil fuels.

It is, frankly, pure idiocy to attempt to make hydrogen a consumer product, although produced by means not even close to being commercial, thermochemical water splitting, it might be a useful captive intermediate.

Cheering for it now under the current circumstances, with the concentrations of the dangerous fossil fuel waste carbon dioxide now at 420 ppm, is simply cheering for the status quo, in essence, cheering for dirty energy and cheering for climate change.

abqtommy

(14,118 posts)
3. Thanks, I've followed these discussions before. There are a lot of things to work out before
Sat Apr 30, 2022, 07:49 PM
Apr 2022

Hydrogen saves us all. Lets not forget that many proponents of hydrogen use the fuel
cell to generate electricity to power electric vehicles.

lapfog_1

(29,213 posts)
5. fuel cell or H2 ICE
Sat Apr 30, 2022, 07:53 PM
Apr 2022

I actually like H2 used as a fuel for a small ICE generator that either mechanically or electrically powers things (maybe not cars, but houses or farms).

You can, with specific gensets, use it interchangeably with natural gas.

Caribbeans

(776 posts)
7. H2 ICE is happening
Sat Apr 30, 2022, 08:19 PM
Apr 2022

Why did Toyota Race with a Hydrogen Engine? A Close Look at the 24 Hours of Intense Development




Is hydrogen, rather than electric, the future for big-engined machinery? I visit JCB to find out




Do It Yourself Solar Hydrogen Weed Whacker



Hydrogen means the end of the despicable Nixon/Kissinger PetroDollar

NickB79

(19,257 posts)
8. Almost all H2 is currently made from stripped natural gas, not water electrolysis
Sun May 1, 2022, 08:48 AM
May 2022

So-called blue hydrogen. And given the clout fossil fuel companies have, that's how we'd keep getting it in a future hydrogen economy.

Turns out, blue hydrogen is actually worse than burning natural gas, or even coal!

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/blue-hydrogen-20-worse-burning-coal-study-states-180978451/

And as the Guardian reported, hydrogen hubs are HEAVILY backed by fossil fuel companies. That $504 million loan for green hydrogen is dwarfed by the $8 billion currently bookmarked for blue hydrogen.

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/aug/12/clean-fuel-blue-hydrogen-coal-study

Caribbeans

(776 posts)
11. The future is green hydrogen - every person in the industry knows this
Sun May 1, 2022, 04:03 PM
May 2022

And so does China





It's interesting [...] to say the least that most of the anti-hydrogen comments are concentrating on past history.


It's 2022 and the price of solar and wind has plummeted - solar energy is .01 - .02 cents per kWh in all the latest middle east projections.

And once again, if solar costs .01 cent per kWh, a Kilogram of hydrogen costs ~.50 CENTS

Run those numbers.

Blue and grey hydrogen are YESTERDAY and those who insist that "it's currently made with natural gas" are also living in the past. A simple search will confirm. Why can't people perform a simple search?

NickB79

(19,257 posts)
12. Every solar panel we make for the next 20 years is needed to offset coal and gas
Mon May 2, 2022, 11:53 AM
May 2022

As it stands now, the rate of wind and solar deployments are slowing down, not speeding up, due to supply chain issues and constraints on key resources needed for their production.

And of course there's the coming A/C boom that will require even more solar as nations like India cook from soaring temps. That alone will use as much electricity as entire nations do now.

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/oct/26/cold-economy-cop21-global-warming-carbon-emissions

Under no scenario do we have sufficient extra solar and wind to convert to vehicle fuels while simultaneously shutting down fossil fuels and replacing hydroelectric that we'll lose from climate change droughts.

So any hydrogen fuel system we build out will by default use hydrogen from green AND blue hydrogen to meet demand.

Unless I see it banned by federal legislation, I'm not convinced blue hydrogen won't be a major player. And the fact that the Biden administration just gave them BILLIONS to build blue hydrogen hubs solidifies my concerns.

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