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Ichingcarpenter

(36,988 posts)
Wed Mar 14, 2012, 03:56 AM Mar 2012

Earth will be virtually helium-free by the end of the 21st century.

A Helium Shortage?

snip.......



Nearly all of the world's helium supply is found within a 250-mile radius of Amarillo, Texas (the Helium Capital of the World). A byproduct of billions of years of decay, helium is distilled from natural gas that has accumulated in the presence of radioactive uranium and thorium deposits. If it's not extracted during the natural gas refining process, helium simply soars off when the gas is burned, unrecoverable.


The federal government first identified helium as a strategic resource in the 1920s; in 1960 Uncle Sam began socking it away in earnest. Thirty-two billion cubic feet of the gas are bunkered underground in Cliffside, a field of porous rock near Amarillo. But now the government is getting out of the helium business, and it's selling the stockpile to all comers.

Industrial buyers use the gas primarily for arc welding (helium creates an inert atmosphere around the flame) and leak detection (hydrogen has a smaller atom, but it usually forms a diatomic molecule, H2). NASA uses it to pressurize space shuttle fuel tanks: The Kennedy Space Center alone uses more than 75 million cubic feet annually. Liquid helium, which has the lowest melting point of any element (-452 degrees Fahrenheit), cools infrared detectors, nuclear reactors, wind tunnels, and the superconductive magnets in MRI equipment. At our current rate of consumption, Cliffside will likely be empty in 10 to 25 years, and the Earth will be virtually helium-free by the end of the 21st century.


"For the scientific community, that's a tragedy," says Dave Cornelius, a Department of Interior chemist at Cliffside. "It would be a shame to squander it," agrees Kulcinski.



http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/8.08/helium.html




17 replies = new reply since forum marked as read
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Earth will be virtually helium-free by the end of the 21st century. (Original Post) Ichingcarpenter Mar 2012 OP
Wow, that is very interesting. n/t Tx4obama Mar 2012 #1
Most important use: nonexploding zeppelins. dimbear Mar 2012 #2
I had no idea! I guess I just took the presence of helium for granted. Chemisse Mar 2012 #3
I'm puzzled by this: Owlet Mar 2012 #4
It costs money izquierdista Mar 2012 #6
Thanks! that makes sense.. (eom) Owlet Mar 2012 #8
Profound statement at the end there. GaYellowDawg Mar 2012 #17
"natural gas that has accumulated *in the presence of radioactive uranium and thorium deposits*" muriel_volestrangler Mar 2012 #16
Gold smold, I think we have our new bubble. Unless an alchemist arrives. n/t kickysnana Mar 2012 #5
or "balloon" if you will eShirl Mar 2012 #15
interesting tidbit ProdigalJunkMail Mar 2012 #7
Atoms are larger on the left, smaller on the right side of the Periodic Table ... eppur_se_muova Mar 2012 #9
indeed... ProdigalJunkMail Mar 2012 #10
This message was self-deleted by its author caraher Mar 2012 #14
The human voice will drop an octave. rug Mar 2012 #11
necessity is the mother of invention qazplm Mar 2012 #12
Apparently, the 104th Congress voted for the Helium Privatization Act (H.R. 4168).... xocet Mar 2012 #13

dimbear

(6,271 posts)
2. Most important use: nonexploding zeppelins.
Wed Mar 14, 2012, 05:01 AM
Mar 2012

Strange quirk of resource allocation that the Germans didn't have any helium available. In retrospect our not sharing it was wise.

Shades of the rare earth controversy, no?

Of course if Newt gets elected, there's no problem. There's plenty of helium on the moon.

Owlet

(1,248 posts)
4. I'm puzzled by this:
Wed Mar 14, 2012, 07:29 AM
Mar 2012

"helium is distilled from natural gas that has accumulated in the presence of radioactive uranium and thorium deposits. If it's not extracted during the natural gas refining process, helium simply soars off when the gas is burned, unrecoverable."

We're constantly reminded that the US has the largest reserves of natural gas in the world. Would it not then be possible to recover helium during the refining process, as that statement seems to imply?

 

izquierdista

(11,689 posts)
6. It costs money
Wed Mar 14, 2012, 09:43 AM
Mar 2012

Lots of money for the amount that is there. The extraction process requires liquifying all the other gases (takes energy to do) and saving the helium enriched headspace. When natural gas is liquified for shipping, this can be done, but if gas is just compressed for distribution into a pipeline, you don't have that option. Not to mention what is lost when gas is flared as being not worth the trouble to process (as in Saudi Arabia or Siberia).

Another problem with capitalism. It operates on current demand and current supply. It can't project 200 years into the future and calculate a net present value for all that helium demand in the future.

GaYellowDawg

(4,447 posts)
17. Profound statement at the end there.
Mon Mar 19, 2012, 07:41 AM
Mar 2012
Another problem with capitalism. It operates on current demand and current supply. It can't project 200 years into the future and calculate a net present value for all that helium demand in the future.


Yes. YES. Capitalism can never be proactive, only reactive. And sometimes, reactive is way too late.

muriel_volestrangler

(101,319 posts)
16. "natural gas that has accumulated *in the presence of radioactive uranium and thorium deposits*"
Fri Mar 16, 2012, 08:29 AM
Mar 2012

Not all natural gas will have been around radioactive deposits. Now, the article is 12 years old; the new deposits recoverable through fracking may be associated with helium from radioactive decay - I don't know. But the article was saying that before 2000, it was the natural gas around Amarillo that had helium with it. Back then, US natural gas looked like it would run out quickly as well.

eppur_se_muova

(36,263 posts)
9. Atoms are larger on the left, smaller on the right side of the Periodic Table ...
Wed Mar 14, 2012, 07:27 PM
Mar 2012

as long as you are comparing atoms of like charge.

ProdigalJunkMail

(12,017 posts)
10. indeed...
Wed Mar 14, 2012, 07:29 PM
Mar 2012

but not readily known to people who didn't bother studying the table...or how it is organized...so i thought i would toss that out there. might help someone in a trivia game someday.

sP

OnEdit: the other reason i mentioned it is because the article suggested that hydrogen was a smaller atom (the little part about leak detection as a use for helium) and that misconception could cause someone to miss a question in a trivia game someday (yes, i like trivia games)

Response to ProdigalJunkMail (Reply #10)

qazplm

(3,626 posts)
12. necessity is the mother of invention
Wed Mar 14, 2012, 11:06 PM
Mar 2012

I suspect at some point if we truly "run out" someone(s) will figure out an economical way to liberate it from elsewhere.

xocet

(3,871 posts)
13. Apparently, the 104th Congress voted for the Helium Privatization Act (H.R. 4168)....
Wed Mar 14, 2012, 11:29 PM
Mar 2012

According the last excerpt below, none of the Senators and none of the Representatives had their positions on this bill recorded when it was passed.

H.R. 873: Helium Privatization Act of 1995

104th Congress: 1995-1996

To amend the Helium Act to require the Secretary of the Interior to sell Federal real and personal property held in connection with activities carried out under the Helium Act, and for other purposes.
Sponsor: Rep. Christopher Cox [R-CA47]

This bill never became law. This bill was proposed in a previous session of Congress. Sessions of Congress last two years, and at the end of each session all proposed bills and resolutions that haven't passed are cleared from the books. Members often reintroduce bills that did not come up for debate under a new number in the next session.

http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bill.xpd?bill=h104-873


H.R. 2906: Helium Privatization Act of 1996

104th Congress: 1995-1996

To amend the Helium Act to authorize the Secretary to enter into agreements with private parties for the recovery and disposal of helium on Federal lands, and for other purposes.
Sponsor: Rep. Christopher Cox [R-CA47]

This bill never became law. This bill was proposed in a previous session of Congress. Sessions of Congress last two years, and at the end of each session all proposed bills and resolutions that haven't passed are cleared from the books. Members often reintroduce bills that did not come up for debate under a new number in the next session.

http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bill.xpd?bill=h104-2906


H.R. 3008: Helium Privatization Act of 1996

104th Congress: 1995-1996

To amend the Helium Act to authorize the Secretary to enter into agreements with private parties for the recovery and disposal of helium on Federal lands, and for other purposes.
Sponsor: Rep. Christopher Cox [R-CA47]

This bill never became law. This bill was proposed in a previous session of Congress. Sessions of Congress last two years, and at the end of each session all proposed bills and resolutions that haven't passed are cleared from the books. Members often reintroduce bills that did not come up for debate under a new number in the next session.

http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bill.xpd?bill=h104-3008


H.R. 4168: Helium Privatization Act of 1996

104th Congress: 1995-1996

To amend the Helium Act to authorize the Secretary to enter into agreements with private parties for the recovery and disposal of helium on Federal lands, and for other purposes.
Sponsor: Rep. Christopher Cox [R-CA47]

This bill became law. It was signed by William Clinton.
http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bill.xpd?bill=h104-4168

Here is a BLM article on the helium supply:

Where Has All the Helium Gone?
By Leslie Theiss, Manager, BLM Amarillo (TX) Field Office


The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is a major supplier of crude helium to refiners in the United States, who market and sell pure helium throughout the world. Managing the nation’s "federal helium reserve" was a quiet federal program until 2006 when temporary shortages made news around the world.

As demand for helium is rising, supplies of crude helium are tightening. Our agency’s role in helping meet the demand by refiners is expanding even though ‘our’ crude is sold at a Congressionally mandated price that is higher than most private sources of crude.

...

The amount of helium offered for sale by the BLM to private industry over the past four years was 2.1 billion cubic feet (bcf) each year. The amount of helium purchased ranged from 0.7 bcf in 2004 to 1.6 bcf in 2006. The BLM delivers crude helium to refiners along the Helium Conservation Pipeline; deliveries ranged from 1.3 bcf in 2003 to 2.1 bcf in 2006 (including reserves from previous years).

The bottom line in terms of helium supply is that there is very little excess helium refining capacity, and domestic supplies of crude helium are growing ever tighter. Until overseas plants are fully online and/or additional plants are built, we’re potentially facing additional supply disruptions, if not shortages.

...

http://www.blm.gov/wo/st/en/info/newsroom/2007/january/NR0701_2.html
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