Most dogs stand squarely over their forelegs and hindlegs at rest; this is also true during walking, since the dog will support his body by three or more legs. However, as the animal increases its speed and changes gait, it has less support; therefore the legs move toward the center of mass, which is directly below the body. The gait pattern, called single tracking, is used to decrease the lateral oscillations of the body and provide continual support of the center of mass.(15) The degree of convergence of the limbs toward the center line under the middle of the body depends on both the speed of the animal and the conformation. Wide-set dogs with low centers of gravity, such as the bassett hound, do not single track. These dogs normally move with a pronounced lateral roll of the body that is considered abnormal in dogs with longer limbs. A guide to the conformation of the forelimbs and hindlimbs has been cited in the veterinary literature by Roy.(57)His ideal conformation of the front and rear limbs provides a general guideline for judging the effect of deviations from the norm. An angle greater than 45° for the layback of the scapula decreases the limb's extension while a smaller angle decreases efficiency of the movement. In the hindlimb, an angle of less than 45° from the pelvis affects movement of the hindlimbs and is observed in dogs with severe hip dysplasia. A slope of greater than 45° reduces the propulsive effect of the hindlimbs by decreasing the effectiveness of the spinal arching.(57)
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