If that provision <only the person assaulting a pregnant woman resulting in a miscarriage is criminally liable> had not been written into the statute, it would have clashed with the federal law that allows abortions under the landmark 1973 Roe v. Wade U.S Supreme Court decision, said Pam Sherstad, spokeswoman for Right to Life of Michigan, which worked to pass the 1999 state law.
The problem here is that abortion is a medical procedure, and is therefore something that only physicians are authorized to perform. Laws that prohibit third parties from causing a woman's miscarriage are arguably necessary in order to protect women from unsafe medical procedures.
The whole situation is problematic in societies that do not provide their members with medical care. If an individual cannot afford to pay a physician to perform the procedure that is needed, what is s/he to do?
In the case of a tonsillectomy, there is no urgency and no life-threatening or life-altering consequences from going without treatment. In the case of a pregnancy, there are. A pregnancy isn't something that one can just take a wait-and-see approach to, and hope that it goes away. Women have always taken measures, and will always take measures, to end pregnancies that they do not want, regardless of the risk to themselves if those measures are not safe.
A law prohibiting interference in a pregnancy by anyone other than the woman herself or a physician is generally a good idea, to protect women. Even with abortion being legal in the US, women still resort to unqualified and unregulated abortion providers, whether because they cannot afford to pay a physician or because they do not have ready access to abortion services (because of distance and/or laws that interfere in their access, such as waiting periods and parental notification), or simply because they are not knowledgable about legitimate resources or cannot overcome the cultural taboos and stigma and harassment associated with seeking them out.
That's true of various other medical treatments that people might be tempted to purchase from unqualified providers if they cannot afford proper treatment. It's illegal to sell laetrile to cure cancer, for instance. In many cases, the "cure" would be worse than no treatment at all, or the availability of such "cures" would deter people from obtaining proper treatment even if they had access to it.
In the case of abortion, which
is the cure for an unwanted pregnancy -- unlike laetrile which is no cure at all -- surely such laws should focus on punishing people who exploit women for profit or who, by providing services cheaply and easily, for instance, deter women from seeking out legitimate services. Interference in a pregnancy, by someone other than a medical practitioner, should be treated as no different from any other improper performance of some act that is properly a medical procedure to be provided by a physician.
But still, if someone cannot obtain the necessary medical treatment, whether because of inability to pay or because his/her access to it is barred by something like a parental notification law, one has to wonder what business the state has making it a criminal offence for someone else to provide it. If the state is not going to guarantee access to the treatment, the state should refrain from punishing the victims.
An old episode of Law & Order involved charging a hostel operator with sexual assault when he coerced young women into having sex with him by threatening to expel them if they did not. If expelled, they believed their lives were at risk, since the only alternative they saw was living on the streets where they risked assault, drug overdose and HIV infection. The young women did not have the social, economic or personal resources to envision or organize any other alternative.
Young pregnant women living with their parents may also be lacking the resources to organize any alternative, if their parents expel them from the home (or abuse them if they remain in the home). It strikes me that when a state requires that young women notify their parents of their pregnancy and intent to terminate it, when doing so would, as they see it, put their lives in danger, the state is no better than the sexual predator.
Parental notification laws jeopardize young women's well-being solely to satisfy and gratify someone who does not have their best interests at heart -- the anti-choice brigade, which is not interested in protecting vulnerable young women, it simply wants to make it impossible for them to exercise their rights. "Exercise their rights" in this instance is not an abstract notion, any more than it would be if someone were prevented from obtaining any other medical treatment that is necessary for his/her well-being.