The Risk Associated with Equities and How to Evaluate the Financial Health

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The Risk Associated with Equities and How to Evaluate the Financial Health of Retirement Systems (PDF)
11 pages. Excerpt: "his brief does three things. First, it describes how equities have performed over the last 75 years. Second, it explains how economists, accountants, and actuaries handle the high returns/high risks associated with equities in the real world. Finally, it explores the implications of the risk discussion for evaluating Social Security reform proposals." (Center for Retirement Research at Boston College)

http://www.bc.edu/centers/crr/issues/ib_27.pdf