http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CorporatismCorporatism is a system of economic, political, and social organization where corporate groups such as business, ethnic, farmer, labour, military, patronage, scientific, or religious groups are joined together into a single governing body in which the different groups are mandated to negotiate with each other to establish policies in the interest of the multiple groups within the body.<1> Corporatism views society as being alike to an organic body in which each corporate group is viewed as a necessary organ for society to function properly.<2> Corporatism is based on the sociological concept of functionalism.<3> Countries that have corporatist systems typically utilize strong state intervention to direct corporatist policies and to prevent conflict between the groups.<4>
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At a popular level in recent years "corporatism" has been used in a pejorative context to refer to the application of corporatism by fascist regimes<7> or to mean the promotion of the interests of private business corporations in government over the interests of the public.
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Progressive corporatism
From the 1850s onward progressive corporatism rose in response to liberalism and Marxism.<21> These corporatists supported providing group rights to members of the middle classes and working classes in order to secure class harmony.<22> This was in opposition to the Marxist conception of class conflict.<23> By the 1870s and 1880s, corporatism experienced a revival in Europe with the creation of workers' unions that were committed to class harmony and negotiations with employers.<24> This new strand of corporatism also began to gain adherents in the United States.<25>
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In popular usage
Contemporary popular (as opposed to social science) usage of the term is more pejorative, emphasizing the role of business corporations in government decision-making at the expense of the public. The power of business to affect government legislation through lobbying and other avenues of influence in order to promote their interests is usually seen as detrimental to those of the public. In this respect, corporatism may be characterized as an extreme form of regulatory capture, and is also termed corporatocracy, a form of plutocracy. If there is substantial military-corporate collaboration it is often called militarism or the military-industrial complex. The influence of other types of corporations, such as labor unions, is perceived to be relatively minor. In this view, government decisions are seen as being influenced strongly by which sorts of policies will lead to greater profits for favored companies.