Overcapacity Stalls New Jobs in U.S. [View All]

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http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&cid=68&ncid=716&e=17&u=/nyt/20031018/ts_nyt/overcapacitystallsnewjobsinus

CINCINNATI — Much of the public outcry over America's failure to generate jobs has focused lately on a surge in the outsourcing of work to China and India. But another dynamic closer to home is weighing on job creation — the slow process of working through a glut of boom-era investment that continues to litter the economy with underused factories.

Procter & Gamble, for example, has been dumping its weakest brands and the plants that produce them. At its Ivorydale industrial complex here, in Procter's hometown, the company has sold factories that make Crisco shortening, Olean fat substitute and Ivory soap to three manufacturers, each with plans for squeezing efficiencies from the operations. Hiring more workers is the last item on their agendas.

"As long as there is extra capacity available in manufacturing, there is going to be room to move work around among companies without having to add workers," said Thomas A. Kochan, a labor and management expert at the Sloan School of Management of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

That is true with a vengeance today. Not since the severe recession of the early 1980's has capacity use in manufacturing stayed so low for so long, government data show. Production as a percentage of total capacity fell precipitously in the aftermath of the last recession, which ended in 2001, and 23 months into the recovery, the upturn has still not come. On average, manufacturers are using less than 73 percent of their capacity.

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