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Think about it: Most money for highway construction and maintenance comes from state and federal taxes on gasoline. If people bought a lot less gas, highways would get a lot less money.
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At the panel's request, Oregon State University researchers have developed technology that can distinguish miles driven in Oregon from those driven elsewhere, then allow a mileage tax to be calculated and paid at the pump in place of the state gas tax.
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In 1999, Ford brought some of its alternative-fuel-concept cars to Salem, Oregon's capital, for a demonstration. Bruce Starr, then a Republican state representative from the Portland suburbs, took a spin in a $6 million fuel-cell vehicle. "I got to thinking, 'What happens when you encourage high-mileage vehicles?' " Starr remembers. "That was in some respects the genesis of this."
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For vehicles, they crafted a device with an electronic odometer and a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver that determines whether a car is being driven in a predetermined "zone" — inside or outside Oregon, for instance. The miles in each zone are recorded separately.
http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/cgi-bin/PrintStory.pl?document_id=2001972174&zsection_id=2001780260&slug=mileagetax05m&date=20040705---------------------
Very interesting article - it's a bit long, but covers a lot of ground. Current gas guzzlers currently pay more than drivers of more efficient cars, anticipated privacy issues, collection of mileage tax, how oil companies would 'feel' about this, etc.