THE CAMPAIGN FOR THE RETURN OF THE FRAPH/FADH DOCUMENTS
by Brian Concannon
Bureau des Avocats Internationaux, Port-au-Prince, Haiti.
The people of Haiti suffered under a brutal military dictatorship from 1991 to 1994. The Haitian Armed Forces (FADH) and the paramilitary Revolutionary Front for the Advancement and Progress of Haiti (FRAPH) were the principal organisations behind a reign of terror against unarmed civilians that included at least 3,000 murders, 300,000 internal refugees, 40,000 boat people, 7,000 homes destroyed, and countless tortures, rapes, thefts, and beatings. Since the return of democracy in 1994, the Haitian people have struggled to rebuild from this disaster. Among the most urgent needs articulated by the Haitian people is the need for justice for the victims of the coup years. The people of Haiti have not, for one moment, abandoned their struggle for justice. As other countries that have made the transition from dictatorship to democracy have discovered, it is always difficult to punish those responsible for human rights violations, and it is most difficult to punish those most responsible, those who gave the orders. In Haiti, although there are the usual difficulties, the persistence of the population's struggle for justice has created unusual successes: over thirty people accused of major human rights violations are imprisoned awaiting trial, and more are arrested every month. Those arrested include not just low level soldiers or thugs, but army officers and wealthy landowners as well. Warrants have been issued even against the military high command, although the generals are all in exile.
Although the US military was a factor in ending the dictatorship, the links between the dictatorship's criminals and US military, diplomatic and intelligence communities are both deep and widespread, as has been widely reported by the press, and acknowledged by both US officials and the criminals themselves. US troops arrived in Haiti in 1994, as part of the multinational force that ended the 3 year military dictatorship. They immediately and systematically gathered documents from the offices of military and paramilitary organisations, especially FADH and FRAPH. Approximately 160,000 pages of documents, as well as photographs, videocassettes and audiocassettes, were collected, and transported to the US. This was done without the knowledge or consent of Haiti, even though the documents were the property of Haiti under Haitian, international, and US law.
According to interviews with soldiers involved in the seizure, the documents included membership information, operational details, and photographs and videos of human rights violations. The Haitian government has a right to the return of the documents, and the victims have a right to the information contained in the documents. The documents are essential to Haiti's quest to establish the truth about what happened during the military regime. They would also be useful in prosecuting those responsible for the regime's human rights violations. In fact, they would be most useful where the most help is needed, establishing cases against the FRAPH and FADH leadership.
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The response of the US has been to stonewall. For several months the government claimed that it could not find the documents. Then the US State Department proffered a series of reasons why it could not return the documents, none of them able to withstand scrutiny. In late 1995, the US, under pressure, announced it would return the documents to Haiti, and reportedly flew them down to its embassy in Port-au-Prince. Soon, however, the State Department demonstrated its intention to not return the documents, by placing conditions on the return that no sovereign nation would accept: the US would delete certain materials, according to its own whim, and Haiti would have to agree to use the documents only for specified purposes (that did not, for example, include exploring the already public links between US intelligence agents and the coup criminals).
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Justice for human rights victims is one of the top priorities of the Haitian people. The failure of the US to return the documents is one of the largest obstacles to that priority, and is a further violation of the victims' human rights. Until they are returned in their entirety and without conditions, no one in Haiti will believe there has been justice, and no one in any country familiar with the situation will take seriously the US rhetoric on justice, democracy, or civil society.
The Campaign For the Return of the FRAPH/FADH Documents was launched by several Haitian human rights, victims', religious and women's groups in April, 1998. The Campaign has prepared a Petition, which has been translated into French, English, Spanish and Dutch, and signed by over 10,000 people world-wide. A broad network of organisations and individuals throughout the world have supported the Haitian groups in their initiative. The supporters in Haiti, the US, and the rest of the world are committed to persevering until the documents are returned.
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http://haitisupport.gn.apc.org/concannon.html CIA linked to FRAPH, coup
PORT-AU-PRINCE -- The link between the US government and the founding and running of the Haitian army's death squad and front group, FRAPH (Front pour l'Avancement et le Progres Haitien), was finally exposed in the October 24 issue of the US Nation magazine.
As long suspected, the Central Intelligence Agency created and has advised FRAPH. The link is Emmanuel Constant, a paid CIA employee and informant. Also, at least some FRAPH “members” were paid by the US-government-funded Centres pour le Developpement et la Sante (CDS), run by Dr Reginald Boulos and linked to FRAPH and to anti-democratic activities in the past.
As a result of the information -- which has been at the top of news programs and on the front page here as well as in the US -- the CIA and other government agencies have gone into “damage control” mode, saying Constant worked for them only until “spring” of 1993 (FRAPH was formed in August) and that the CIA was never “connected” to FRAPH. One of Constant's “handlers”, US Colonel Patrick Collins, a Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) attache in Haiti from 1989-1992 and who recently returned for the occupation, has reportedly been recalled to Washington for questioning.
In his article in the Nation, Allan Nairn detailed how Constant worked for both the CIA and the brutal intelligence service it created and ran, the Service d'Intelligence National (SIN), which spied on, brutalised and murdered up to 5000 members of the democratic movement between 1986 and 1991.
http://www.greenleft.org.au/back/1994/165/165p21b.htm This policy of intimidation was, by and large, a success. Aside from murdering opposition figures, the leadership of peasant groups, trade unions, grass-roots and neighborhood organizations was decimated. More significant, the FRAPH campaign created a climate of terror, with hundreds of thousands going into hiding or fleeing the country. The terror was directed, in large part, by FRAPH founder Emanuel "Toto" Constant who then-Secretary of State Warren Christopher conceded, was a CIA-paid informant during most of this period. Nor did Constant's relationship with the spy agency end with the return of Aristide's constitutional government. "Are the American Embassy and FRAPH strolling hand-in-hand?" queried a headline in Port-au-Prince daily Le Nouvelliste. It certainly seemed that way.
Shortly after a rally at the U.S. Embassy, at which Constant, struggling to be heard over cries of "murderer," unsuccessfully attempted to transform himself into a viable political candidate, and FRAPH into a legitimate opposition party, Constant disappeared. In January, U.S. officials ridiculed reports on Haitian Creole radio stations that Constant had been seen walking around Washington. In fact, the reports were true. On Christmas Eve, Constant was admitted to the United States on a tourist visa, a circumstance for which no credible explanation has ever been given.
When taken into custody, Constant announced he was suing the United States government for $50 million and that he "was a paid agent of the Central Intelligence Agency, which knew of his activities and did not discourage them." While in jail, Constant called the producers of "60 Minutes," claiming that he had founded FRAPH at the urging of defense intelligence and had had regular meetings with the CIA station chief in Haiti, John Kambourian. Constant's increasing volubility proved to be all the incentive the State Department, as well as other agencies Constant implicated, needed to settle. Among the conditions of Constant's parole was his silence about his relations with the CIA. He has since settled in Cambria Heights, in Queens, New York.
http://www.worldfreeinternet.net/news/nws88.htm 
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