Nearly a quarter of a century ago, when the number of manufacturing jobs in the United States peaked at just shy of 20 million, General Motors Corp. provided 454,000 of them, more than any other company in America. It took that much labor for GM assembly lines to turn out about 5 million cars and trucks a year.
Today GM makes roughly the same number of cars and trucks, but employs just 118,000 people as a result of a drive to become more efficient and cut costs to survive against ferocious global competition. In the past five years alone, GM has cut the amount of labor required to assemble a vehicle by 30 percent, to just 24.44 hours, according to the Harbour Report, which tracks such data for the industry.
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But economists agree that most of the decline in manufacturing employment was the unavoidable result of companies' need to become ever more efficient -- with all the pressures on them intensified in recent years by a weak U.S. economy. And the jobs lost to productivity gains will not come back, regardless of what policymakers do in Washington.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A19996-2003Nov28.html