see if this pig flys
A recent study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science (PNAS),
http://www.pnas.org/content/107/16/7240.fullElectric Power From Offshore Wind via Synoptic-scale Interconnection
suggests that a planned, large-scale offshore wind project extending along the entire East Coast (connected via underwater HVDC cables) could provide base-load electricity to East Coast consumers.
The plan stands in contrast to the small scale, ad hoc offshore wind plans being offered today.
Coupling technological advances in electricity transmission capabilities with an economies of scale renewables strategy (wind along the East Coast, Texas and the Pacific Northwest and solar in the Southwest) appears to be the key to a low carbon energy future.
Because the adoption of an offshore wind, electricity generation base-load strategy removes the rationale for building more base-load coal and nuclear plants, some additional benefits of the strategy might include decreasing the problems associated with mercury and uranium poisoning of our lands and waters by coal and nuclear electricity production.
Finally, because the HVDC transmission cables are placed offshore, the issue of eminent domain associated with building transmission corridors becomes moot.
Comparing that vision of energy efficiency and electricity production with the The Electric Power Research Institute's (EPRI) analysis of the costs and benefits of the smart grid reveal a few facts.
http://my.epri.com/portal/server.pt/gateway/PTARGS_0_234325_317_205_776_43/http%3B/uspalecp604%3B7087/publishedcontent/publish/epri_analysis_estimates_costs_benefits_of_fully_developing_smart_grid_da_777189.html While most average Americans might not understand the concept of the smart grid, ERPIs layout of the smart grid closely resembles the current stupid grid adorned with electronic jewelry. In other words, the ERPI study accepts current transmission and delivery systems as a given, and then provides costs for adding on electronic equipment to make it more efficient.
Consider the fact that the current 184,707 miles of transmission lines in the United States consists of only 3,307 miles of HVDC lines. The authors note that only fifteen additional HVDC lines are being discussed, primarily a patchwork of ten land based lines to accommodate wind in the Eastern United States.
The ERPI study puts a heavy premium on technology such as a flexible AC transmission system (FACTS). While FACTS equipment might make the existing AC transmission system a bit more efficient, those AC lines would still be less efficient than most HVDC lines.
Without rethinking the transmission system to create a more efficient HVDC to AC transmission line ratio, the wholesale adoption of FACTS technology might resemble little more than putting lipstick on a pig. It's good for the lipstick manufacturers, but provides suboptimal results for consumers seeking a low carbon future.
Assuming economies of scale are reached by integrating wind with long distance, energy efficient HVDC transmission cables, as the first study proposes, it might be equally reasonable to suggest that discussions about extending HVDC transmission cables in other areas of the U.S. would also allow for renewables (solar and wind) to serve as base-load sources of electricity.
It's not so much the case that the ERPI reports fails to solve the smart grid problem, it's more the case that the optimal smart grid might look very different from a stupid grid adorned with electronic jewelry.