But in the meantime, since we're talking about prices and numbers, here are some graphs that may help illuminate what's actually going on in the oil markets.
First, let's the monthly average US price of unleaded gasoline for the last 30 years, compared to the monthly average price of oil. It looks like they track pretty closely, doesn't it?
Now let's look at the prices another way, by using a scatter plot of the same data. The tight correlation implies that 97% of the changes in gasoline prices are due to the underlying changes in oil prices:
So, if there is speculation happening it doesn't seem to be a big factor in gasoline prices themselves. That is, once the oil has been purchased by the refinery, the end price of the gasoline is pretty much set in stone. Any significant speculation must therefore be happening in the oil market.
The two factors that influence oil prices the most are supply/demand and speculation. In order to determine how much speculation might be in play, let's look at supply first. According to the evidence of the following graph, the world probably hit Peak Oil (the peak rate of oil production) at the beginning of 2005. Production has been stagnant ever since, for the last six years.
Oil production has even stayed stubbornly constant despite massive swings in price. In fact, despite a swing of +/-
55% over the last six hears, oil production has varied only +/-
2%:
Further, because of the stagnanat oil production and rising consumption in the newly wealthy producing nations, the amount of oil making it to the world market has flattened and begun to decline. Ignore the two projection lines on the next graph, I put them on there to illustrate another point. The real issue is that oil exports are showing the initial signs of signs of decline.
The behaviour of oil prices when the world supply is interrupted or constrained is shown in the next graph. In it you can see the effects of the Middle East turmoil from 1973 to 1985, as well as clear evidence of the current production plateau.
So how much of the price rise in oil and the closely associated rise in gasoline prices is attributable to speculation? I can't say for sure, but I can say that the behaviour of oil prices looks exactly like what's I'd expect in a supply-constrained market. As a result, my inclination is not to worry about the impact of speculation too much. The less oil we use, the better it is for the planet, so high prices may just be the pain of that healing process.