WASHINGTON - President Bush's goal of putting the next generation of Americans into cars fueled by hydrogen is slipping away. Technology, economics and human behavior are proving to be formidable obstacles to the president's dream of using hydrogen - the most abundant element in the universe - to reduce America's dependence on gasoline.
The administration's plan is to combine hydrogen with oxygen in a fuel cell, a boxy device that takes in those elements and puts out water, heat and electricity. The electricity can power an electric motor or recharge a battery to drive a car. However, experts say there are quicker, cleaner, safer and cheaper ways to reduce the tail-pipe emissions from cars and trucks that pollute the air and contribute to global warming. "A hydrogen car is one of the least efficient, most expensive ways to reduce greenhouse gases," said Joseph Romm, a physicist who was in charge of renewable energy research in the Carter administration. "If you want to slow down global warming, you're not going to do it with a hydrogen car."
"Other technologies may be less expensive and more quickly implemented," acknowledged JoAnn Milliken, the director of the Hydrogen Program in Bush's Energy Department. "We could decide hydrogen is too far out for major investment" and that there are "other more promising initiatives to invest in." Alternatives include hybrid cars, plug-in hybrids, diesels, biofuels, improved conventional fuels and more efficient engines. (A plug-in hybrid runs on both gasoline and a battery that can be plugged into a socket in your garage at night.)
"A strong case exists for continuing fuel-efficiency improvements from conventional technology at relatively low cost," said K.G. Duleep, the managing director of Energy and Environmental Analysis Inc., a consulting firm in Arlington, Va. Milliken and Duleep were among a panel of scientists, engineers and industry experts that the National Academy of Sciences assembled last month to review the president's $1.2 billion hydrogen initiative, which he launched in his January 2003 State of the Union address.
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