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The Reformed tradition, of the which the UCC is a part, believes that salvation is a free gift of God. We can't save ourselves in any way, shape or form. The most extreme form of this, and one not widely (if at all) found in the UCC, is Calvin's double predestination, which posits that God, for reasons only God knows, sends some to heaven and some to hell--that God is capricious. Most UCCs look more to the work of two other Reformers, Ursinus and Olevianus, who taught a "positive election", which isn't concerned with the idea of hell, but believes Christians should assume that their Christian faith is a sign of election, and should spend their lives in gratitude for the gift of grace. Most UCCs today are universalists, that is, believe all are saved (and we argue at great length as to what it means to be saved), but still that salvation is a free gift of God. So, for us, the sacraments are not means of grace, because nothing but God's love is a means of grace, but signs of grace. And good works are done as expressions of gratitude for grace, not in order to gain grace or affect salvation. Thus, we don't believe in "back sliding", as Methodists do. We in the Reformed faith also don't believe humans can become perfect, but we also don't believe God expects us to, nor punishes us for being imperfect. These traditions are really quite freeing. I don't have to "get anything right" in order to be saved.
Methodists, on the other hand, are Wesleyans. Wesley railed against the Reformed doctrine of election, and believed that human beings played a role in their salvation. Most notably, Wesley believed that a person can lose salvation, can fall out of grace, by actions of that person--or more accurately, by a lack of belief. Things which strengthen a person's faith, such as the sacraments, are means of grace, rather than signs of grace. But a person can lose faith, and thereby lose grace.
An example of how this plays out happened recently with me. A UMC pastor is currently president of our ministerial association. She took to beginning meetings by asking the question "What is the state of your soul?". She said this is common practice among Methodists. I'd been bothered by this for a couple of meetings, and finally said that the state of my soul does not change. Whether I'm living a life of gratitude, that comes and goes, but I rest assured that my soul is always in a state of grace. She was actually shocked by this, and later called me to have me clarify. She couldn't believe I think my salvation can't be lost, that I can't fall out of a state of grace.
I do a lot of thinking about what salvation is. I mean, if the Hebrews used words that translate as "salvation" before they believed in life after death, what were they getting saved from, saved to? I have some theories about this as well. But, whatever salvation is, I just know I've received it by the grace of God. My knowing it, my faith, is a sign of it.
This is a fundamental difference between the Reformed and Wesleyan traditions. The governance thing, that matters, too. Also, Methodism seems more closely tied to the culture than the UCC. As a Methodist colleague once said to me in Iowa, "Methodism really is the established order of Protestant America. The rest of you should just accept this." It was a moment of surprising candor, but I think there's something to it.
Of course, it's hard for me to be objective. I'm a cradle UCC.
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