...up a discussion about the culture and history of that region
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Language
Overview of the Georgian language and Alphabet
Language and Nationalism
First Printed Georgian Book
Overview
Despite of some superficial resemblance and intermingling, The Georgians, ethnically and linguistically, are unrelated to the Indo-European origins. They form a group of their own, named "Ibero-Caucasian", "South Caucasian" or "Kartvelian" (the latter is the Georgians' own name for their nation). Professor Nikolai Marr, a prominent scholar of the Caucasian languages, brought into use the term "Japhetic" to designate the Georgians together with other surviving remnants of the ethnic group which he and other scholars believed to have inhabited the Mediterranean basin before the arrival of the Indo-Europeans on the scene circa II millenium BCE. Of this group of people, known as "Proto-Iberians", the Georgians and the Basques (in Spain) are the sole survivors, though the extinct Etruscans in Italy may have belonged to a kindred family. Certain affinities between the Basque and Georgian languages, as well as resemblances in popular customs, traditions and legends help to confirm this reconstruction of their ancient past. The languages of both peoples are unrelated to any of the Indo-European or Semitic tongues.
Georgian language origin belongs to the Paleocaucasian Ethnolinguistic Family, the representative people of which are the direct descendents of the oldest population of Caucasus. This Family is divided into three branches:
1) Western Caucasian, or Abkhaz-Adighian - unifies modern Abkhazians, Abazians, Adighians, Cherkezians and Kabardians;
2) Eastern Caucasian, or Chechen-Dagestanian - Chechenians, Ingushs and Dagestanians (Avarians, Lezgians, Darguelians, Laks and etc.);
3) Southern, or Kartvelian- represented by Georgian people, which consist of three main subethnical groups - Karts, Zans or Mengrel-Chans and Svans. Division of the previous Kartvelian language into Georgian, Zanian and Svanian branches begins in the III-II mill. B.C.
The Georgian language, the language spoken by Georgians, is the state language of Georgia. Georgian is the only language in the Ibero-Caucasian family having ancient script. The most ancient writings date back to the 5th century AD, though there exists a sound hypothesis allowing for the earlier existence of the literary language. The Georgian script is an independent, unique system, conveying the sound composition of the Georgian speech and forming the written and printed symbols of the national Georgian language.
The development of the Georgian alphabet can be broken into three stages: Asomtavruli (unknown dates), Nuskha-Khutsuri (from the 9th century, still used by the Georgians Orthodox Church), and Mkhedruli (contemporary Georgian script, from the 11th century).
Both the ancient and modern alphabets are extremely simple, precious and economic. Each sound has its corresponding symbol and vice versa. The Georgian alphabet includes 33 symbols (5 vowels and 28 consonants). The shape of the letters is absolutely unique and can not be compared to any other existing alphabet. The Georgian alphabet is among the 14 existing ones throughout the world.
<MORE with samples of the script>
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