High-Level Executives Targeted for FCPA Enforcement; Continued Scrutiny of Foreign Subsidiary Operations
October 8, 2008 : steptoe & Johnson LLP
http://www.steptoe.com/publications-5615.htmlThe past two months have seen a continued high level of Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”) enforcement activity by both the DoJ and the SEC. The following reviews two of the more significant recent enforcement actions, involving (1) Jack Stanley, a former executive of Kellogg, Brown & Root, and (2) a settlement with Con-Way regarding improper payments made by a subsidiary, and highlights several other enforcement actions in this period.
1. Jack Stanley
The Stanley case,1 announced on September 3, 2008, involved Jack Stanley ("Stanley"), a former high-ranking executive at Kellogg, Brown & Root (“KBR”), a global engineering and construction company, and former wholly-owned subsidiary of Halliburton. This case is noteworthy for several reasons: the continued targeting of individuals for prosecution; the sheer scope of the alleged improper payments, amounting to over US $180 million; the lengthy sentence agreed to by the defendant; and the amount of disgorgement.
Stanley plead guilty to conspiring to violate the FCPA, and to conspiracy to commit mail and wire fraud. Between 1995 and 2004, Stanley devised and implemented a scheme to bribe Nigerian government officials to assist in obtaining six contracts on behalf of a four-company joint venture (“TSKJ”) worth over $6 billion to build liquefied natural gas (“LNG”) production facilities at Bonny Island, Nigeria.
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2. Con-Way
Not all recent prosecutions have focused on individuals, however. The SEC continues to hold parent issuers responsible for the activities of the foreign subsidiaries, including small but recurring operating payments deemed improper. The Con-Way case, announced in late August 2008,5 involved allegations that a former majority-owned subsidiary of Con-Way in the Philippines, Emery International, a company engaged in the freight forwarding business, made a large number of small payments to Philippine customs officials and to officials of state-owned airlines in connection with freight forwarding and customs brokerage activities in that country. The payments totaled $417,000. Con-Way was prosecuted by the SEC for violations of the FCPA’s books and records and internal control provisions. It agreed to pay a civil penalty of $300,000 to settle the allegations. The payments were made not to expedite the shipment of cargo, but to induce actions that would lower shipping costs or cause the officials to overlook violations of law or regulations, or to resolve disputes.6
The settlement documents made no mention of Con-Way’s customers. It is not known at this writing whether or not the SEC or other authorities plan on targeting those customers, or even whether they have jurisdiction to do so. In light of other pending cases involving customs issues and customs brokers, this case is of particular interest.
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3. Other Recent Actions
The DoJ has also recently announced several additional indictments and sentences of individuals and entities for FCPA-related violations. On September 4, 2008, four employees of Nexus Technologies Inc. (“Nexus”), and Nexus itself, were indicted on charges of both conspiring to bribe Vietnamese public officials in violation of the FCPA and of violating the FCPA itself.7 The indictment alleges that between 1999 and 2008, the defendants conspired to, and did, bribe Vietnamese government officials to secure contracts for Nexus. They are alleged to have paid at least $150,000 in bribes to Vietnamese officials.
Further, on September 24, 2008, in a case that pairs export violations with FCPA issues, Shu Quan-Sheng (“Shu”), the President, Secretary and Treasurer of AMAC International, a high-tech company located in Newport News, Virginia, was arrested and charged with illegally exporting space launch technical data and offering bribes to Chinese government officials.8
Also, on September 24, 2008, Christian Sapsizian, a former Alcatel executive and non-US national, was sentenced to 2.5 years in prison and the forfeiture of $261,500 for his participation in the payment of $2.5 million in bribes to Costa Rican government officials in order to obtain a mobile telephone contract from Costa Rica’s state-owned telecommunications authority.9 This is one of the largest penalties assessed against a foreign national under the FCPA to date.
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also see:
http://finapps.forbes.com/finapps/jsp/finance/compinfo/secfilings/SECFilingsSummary.jsp?cn=HALLIBURTON+CO+HLDG+CO&tkr=HAL&secn=0000045012-07-000309&frm=10-Q