and start making stuff that their communities need.
Workers in Argentina Take Over Abandoned FactoriesThe workers at the IMPA aluminum plant here all can remember when their company was privately owned, and a few veterans even recall when it was the property of the state. But these days, as a result of the worst economic crisis in the country's history, it is the workers themselves who are the factory's stockholders and managers.
When the economy collapsed here 18 months ago, the situation was so bad that the owners of many factories simply shut their doors and walked away, in most cases owing their employees months and months of back pay. Rather than accept that situation, workers -- backed by neighborhood associations and left-wing groups enamored with the idea of ''people's capitalism'' -- have sometimes been able to persuade bankruptcy courts to let them take over the company's assets.
''The only boss here now is the customer,'' said Plácido Peñarieta, one of nine employees at the Chilavert Artes Gráficas cooperative, which prints art books and posters, calendars and concert programs. ''We've learned to depend on ourselves and nobody else, because we know that our success or failure depends on what we, and we alone, do.''
Across this nation of 37 million people, at least 160 factories employing an estimated 10,000 people are now being run as cooperatives by their employees, ranging from a tractor factory in Córdoba to a tile and ceramics plant in Patagonia. But the largest concentration is here in the capital and its suburbs, where the nucleus of the country's industrial production is situated.
With 172 workers making aluminum cans, foil and wrappers, IMPA -- the Spanish acronym for Metallurgical and Plastic Industries of Argentina -- is the largest of the so-called retrieved factories here. Production is still far from the peaks of the 1990's, but since workers took over with an initial 50 employees under contract, production has tripled, to 50 tons a month.
''We could easily be turning out 90 tons a month, because we've got the orders but not the working capital,'' said Guillermo Robledo, chosen by the workers to be the plant manager. Instead, he added, ''we're in the ironic position of having to extend 60-day credit lines to our customers, some of whom are large multinationals'' with much easier access to capital than a workers' cooperative.
Like most of the cooperatives, this factory is run by an administrative council, whose members are elected by the workers. Monthly assemblies are held to discuss issues like salaries -- which have nearly doubled since the low point as the economy collapsed -- how many new workers to hire and who they should be.
The IMPA workers have even voted to turn space that was not being used into a neighborhood cultural and arts center. Dance, drama and music classes and performances now take place regularly there, movies are shown in a small theater on an upper floor and artists have been allowed to set up studios where they paint, draw and sculpture.
''Being a factory and a cultural center simultaneously is something unique,'' said Eduardo Murúa, a leader of the cooperative. The positive response to the cultural activities, he said, provides ''an umbrella that prevents the banks from acting against us'' and has gained the factory favorable publicity and financial support from city government.
Faced with the loss of jobs and tax revenues, the municipality has sought to help by taking legal title to abandoned or derelict factories and the machinery inside. Under new legislation, it rents the premises to the workers' cooperatives on concessionary terms for two years and supports them in their efforts to negotiate with creditors.