Benzene exposure has serious health effects. Outdoor air may contain low levels of benzene from tobacco smoke, wood smoke, automobile service stations, the transfer of gasoline, exhaust from motor vehicles, and industrial emissions.<21> Vapors from products that contain benzene, such as glues, paints, furniture wax, and detergents, can also be a source of exposure, although many of these have been modified or reformulated since the late 1970s to eliminate or reduce the benzene content. Air around hazardous waste sites or gas stations may contain higher levels of benzene.
The short term breathing of high levels of benzene can result in death, while low levels can cause drowsiness, dizziness, rapid heart rate, headaches, tremors, confusion, and unconsciousness. Eating or drinking foods containing high levels of benzene can cause vomiting, irritation of the stomach, dizziness, sleepiness, convulsions, and death.
The major effects of benzene are manifested via chronic (long-term) exposure through the blood. Benzene damages the bone marrow and can cause a decrease in red blood cells, leading to anemia. It can also cause excessive bleeding and depress the immune system, increasing the chance of infection. Benzene causes leukemia and is associated with other blood cancers and pre-cancers of the blood.
Lots lots more at
blood.deat
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzeneh.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BenzeneA little benzene is emitted in some forest fires.
Benzene is soluble in water:
Dissolution
Dissolution of petroleum hydrocarbons into the water column poses risks to aquatic
organisms because of the acute toxicity of the compounds that have significant water
solubility. Figure 2-3 shows the solubility of normal alkanes, cycloalkanes, and
aromatic hydrocarbons in fresh water. It should be noted that solubilities in sea
water are lower, by about 70 percent (Sutton and Calder, 1974). Compounds with
2-5
Figure 2-3. Water solubility of the major components of crude oil, for three groups
of compounds, plotted by carbon number. (McAuliffe, 1983)
carbon numbers less than four are gases at ambient temperatures, so they are not of
concern. The monoaromatics have the highest solubilities, by a factor of 50, than
similar weight alkanes. Benzene has the highest solubility, at 1,750 mg/L, with
toluene at 515 mg/L, and xylene less than 100 mg/L. McAuliffe (1987) reported the
water-soluble fraction of six oils equilibrated with saline water, ranging from 20 to 40
ppm total dissolved hydrocarbons. Benzene plus toluene constituted from 70-85
percent of the aromatic fraction, and total aromatics constituted 35-80 percent of the
total dissolved hydrocarbons. Of the higher PAHs, naphthalene is the most watersoluble,
contributing 0.12 ppm to the water-soluble fraction of south Louisiana crude
and 0.02 ppm for Kuwait crude (McAuliffe, 1987). The amount of the next heavier
PAHs in the water-soluble fraction is 100 times lower than the naphthalenes.
http://response.restoration.noaa.gov/book_shelf/678_Chapter2.pdfAnd benzene is just one component in the crude oil in the Gulf.
I remember not too long after the spill occurred, someone (don't remember whether this person was form BP or the government) stated with, as I recall, some relief, that the benzene was highly soluble in the water. That seemed to be presented as a positive factor in the mess.
I have no idea how toxic that water is at this time or how toxic it will become as time passes, the oil gradually breaks down (if that is what will happen), just what will happen.
I suspect that a lot of the delay is due to lack of knowledge of how to handle this much oil in a body of water of the size of the Gulf. I feel equally certain that teams of scientists are working trying to predict what will happen and planning how to respond. And I suspect that the experts disagree and are arguing. That's what experts do.
Meanwhile, I also assume that nobody wants to do the wrong thing. So, in fact, the only choice at this point may be to do nothing -- to avoid doing something that might turn out to be terribly, terribly wrong. Who would want to take responsibility for making the wrong decision and worsening the situation? Would you? Is inaction sometimes better than wrong action?
Think of this not as a "spill" as in "spilled milk" but as an explosion of toxic substances as in "nuclear explosion" into the Gulf. It may turn out that nature takes care of the toxicity in the water over time. At this point, I bet nobody knows how to proceed, what to do. We have stepped over a threshold into one huge nightmare.
I am not a scientist. I know a tiny bit about oil. That's all. If there are any people more knowledgeable than I am on this subject, please respond to my post.