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magbana Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sun May-03-09 08:22 AM
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GI: Literacy Teaching in Haiti: The Persistence of a "Yes I Can" (eng. and spanish)
Courtesy of the US, France, and Canada, literacy programs came to a screeching halt in Haiti when Aristide was kidnapped. And, as is confirmed below, the illegal government of Latortue targeted Cuban doctors and teachers for harrassment.
magbana

"However, none of them were as unexpected as that of February 2004. So much so, that Mayda de León Riveaux still starts at the memory of the group of soldiers who, at gunpoint, forced her to step down from the car she was travelling in.

A coup d'etat removed President Jean Bertrand Aristide from power and the political instability that reigned until the 2006 elections caused the withdrawal of the Cuban volunteer workers."


GRANMA
May 2, 2009

Literacy teaching in Haiti

The Persistence of a "Yes I Can"

KATIA SIBERIA GARCÍA

Half a century has slipped through Antoine Estimene's fingers. She raised four children with the sweat of her brow. She cleaned floors to feed them now and then, and even got calluses on her hands from furrowing. Almost nobody in the southern town of Aquin doubted her skills, until one day, when she tried to write a vowel on the blackboard and she couldn't.

GRADUATIONS DON'T ANNOUNCE THE END OF THE PROGRAM. THE POSSIBILITY OF A SECOND STAGE OF - "YES, I CAN CARRY ON"- KEEPS MANY ON THE ALERT.

Then she understood that not a single task in all of her life had been as difficult as this one, and that perhaps three months wouldn't be enough to affirm "Yes I Can".

Antoine will repeat the course. Her muscle control continued to be clumsy in spite of simulations in the air. Her memory couldn't retain number and letter associations. She couldn't graduate with her classmates.

Nevertheless, no one in Aquin is willing to give her up for lost. Neither she nor facilitator Isaac Didieu or the Cuban doctors following the program closely and the educational advisor of the Southern Department, Robely Reina, believe they're defeated. All of them continue to think it's possible.

YANELYS CONFESSES SHE FEES TOTALLY FULFILLED AS A DOCTOR AND AS A"TEACHER".

The rest of the Cubans hoping to teach millions of Haitians how to read and write will make use of that same persistence. And it's not because of the complications that, faced with a pencil and primer for the first time, could represent for a 50-year old illiterate. That country's context, in which it's estimated there's 49% illiteracy, has not been always been favourable to teach people how to read and write.

WHERE THERE'S A WILL THERE'S A WAY?

Judging by the time and effort devoted by voluntary workers to education, Haiti could already be a territory free of illiteracy. But eight years and the great will of the Cuban advisors haven't been enough to achieve that goal. The head of the educational mission in that country, Adalberto Bravo, told us some of the reasons.

For him, the 14,000 people who learned how to read and write between 2001 and 2002 –when the program began- were barely a start, which found many obstacles.

Despite the fact that the method was supported by radio and that therefore it reached most of the country where electricity continues to be a Utopia, batteries began to run short and radio signals not always accompanied the classes.

The learning, he said, wasn't as expected either, if we compare it to the promotion we have obtained today by way of the Yes I Can literacy teaching program.

Then, the frequent meteorological phenomena, sparking off periods of crisis in Haiti each year, have imposed recessions.

However, none of them were as unexpected as that of February 2004. So much so, that Mayda de León Riveaux still starts at the memory of the group of soldiers who, at gunpoint, forced her to step down from the car she was travelling in.

A coup d'etat removed President Jean Bertrand Aristide from power and the political instability that reigned until the 2006 elections caused the withdrawal of the Cuban volunteer workers.

Again, the persistence of the Cuban educators made them restart literacy teaching and by November 2006 the Yes I Can method was a reality.

Once again, Professor Mayda landed in Haiti. Today, she's in charge of the program in the Western Department, and although there are still obstacles, since electricity and the permanence of facilitators willing to teach free of charge continue to be a limitation, comforting stories are reported.

There, in Port-au-Prince, two groups of students recently concluded their classes and, during what many described as the most important ceremony of their lives, they showed infinite gratitude.

Cecilia Poleus will be capable of helping her son with his homework; Cilina Dry will be able to write letters to her faraway relatives; and Alicia Esterá's parents will be less sorry for not having been able to pay for the studies of their 13-year old daughter.

The 1,500 graduates of this last stage (December 2006-April 2009) can testify to the results of Yes I Can, and in a short time the students of the 297 classrooms now opened will also enjoy the jubilation of acknowledgement.

Meanwhile, the course of knowledge continues to overcome barriers, and reports come from the northern island of La Tortue, from where advisor Yanet Landa has returned, full of emotion.

Her work as defectologist at the 28 de Septiembre special school in Cacocún, in the eastern Cuban province of Holguín, held no less happiness for her than the one she experienced in barely a week on that island.

"They all want to open classrooms and there are more than enough voluntary workers willing to teach. It has been difficult to establish the limit of 25 students per classroom", comments Yanet.

LITERACY CONSULTATIONS

The Cuban medical brigade in Haiti began to work in another field in December 2008, and its members found perhaps the most complex of all cases. The change of course made them responsible for a new consultation: this time, faced with a classroom.

In order to "cure" ignorance, they had to commit facilitators to give classes, have rooms for this, manage to obtain donations of fuel so every afternoon students could watch videos on television, and follow literacy teaching closely, since despite the fact that the educational advisors in each department coordinate and control this activity, the health voluntary workers are the ones who live in each of the towns where this program is underway.

Then examples like that of San Rafael began to appear – a town in Cap Haitien where Yanelys Espinosa and Cándida Linares saw future students building a roof in order not to delay learning. Under that roof, Roseman Pierre speaks about reciprocity because "if Cubans do a lot for Haitians, we can't just say thank you". That's why this pastor became a facilitator, and today boosts the creation of other groups.

A few kilometres from there, at La Ranquitte, Dulce María Rodríguez and Nancy Fernández managed to get Rose Marie to write her first letters. Northeast, in the town of Ste Zuzanne, in the department of Fort Liberté, anxiety gives no respite to Dr. Acacia Adelfa and every day she postpones her rest in her eagerness to declare her town free territory of illiteracy.

But the 5,881 Haitians currently going to classrooms are not less persistent. The explanation lies also in the images hanging from some of the walls. From them, notably Toussaint Louverture inspires. He learned how to read and write when he was 28 years of age and at 58 wrote the first Constitution of Haiti.

Alfabetización en Haití

La persistencia del sí

KATIA SIBERIA GARCÍA

A Antoine Estimene se le ha ido medio siglo entre las manos. Con ellas crió cuatro hijos, limpió pisos para alimentarlos de vez en cuando y hasta le salieron callos de tanta guataca enterrada en el surco. Casi nadie en la sureña comuna de Aquin dudaba de su destreza hasta el día en que intentó trazar una vocal en la pizarra y no pudo.

CON LAS GRADUACIONES NO SE ANUNCIA EL FIN DEL PROGRAMA. LA POSIBILIDAD DE UNA SEGUNDA ETAPA: "YO SÍ PUEDO SEGUIR" MANTIENE A MUCHOS ALERTA.

Entonces comprendió que durante toda su vida ninguna tarea le había sido tan difícil, y que quizás tres meses no bastarían para afirmar: Yo sí puedo.

Antoine repetirá el curso. Su control muscular siguió siendo torpe a pesar de las simulaciones en el aire; su memoria no retuvo las asociaciones de números y letras. No pudo graduarse con sus compañeros de aula.

No obstante, nadie en Aquin se resiste a darla por perdida. Ni ella, ni el facilitador Isaac Didieu, ni los doctores cubanos que siguen de cerca el programa, ni el asesor educativo del departamento Sur, Robely Reina se creen vencidos. Todos continúan creyendo que sí se puede.

YANELYS CONFIESA SENTIRSE REALIZADA COMO DOCTORA Y COMO "MAESTRA".

Con esa persistencia han de andar también el resto de los cubanos que hoy pretenden alfabetizar a millones de haitianos. Y no se debe solo a lo enrevesado que pudiera ser para un iletrado de 50 años enfrentarse por primera vez al lápiz y la cartilla. El contexto de este país, en el cual se estima un 49% de analfabetismo, no siempre ha sido favorable para enseñar a leer y a escribir.

¿QUERER ES PODER?

A juzgar por el tiempo y el empeño de los colaboradores de Educación, Haití podría ser ya territorio libre de analfabetismo. Pero ocho años y sobrada voluntad de asesores cubanos no han bastado para lograr tal objetivo. Adalberto Bravo Carbonell, jefe de la misión educativa en este país, ofrece algunos de los porqué.

Para él, la cifra de 14 000 alfabetizados, lograda entre los años 2001 y 2002, fecha en que comenzó el programa, fue apenas una arrancada que encontraría no pocos obstáculos.

A pesar de que el método tenía como soporte a la radio y ello facilitaba su alcance en gran parte del país donde la corriente eléctrica continúa siendo una utopía, las pilas comenzaron a escasear y la señal radial no siempre acompañó.

El aprendizaje, considera, tampoco fue el esperado si lo comparamos con la promoción que hoy hemos logrado a través del Yo sí puedo.

Luego, los frecuentes fenómenos atmosféricos que cada año desatan en Haití periodos de crisis impusieron recesiones.

Sin embargo, ninguna fue tan inesperada como la de febrero del 2004. Por lo menos a Mayda de León Riveaux todavía le produce sobresaltos el recuerdo de un grupo de militares que a punta de pistola la obligaban a retirarse del carro en el que viajaba.

Un golpe de Estado sacaba del poder a Jean Bertrand Aristide y la inestabilidad política que reinó hasta las elecciones del 2006 impuso la retirada de la colaboración cubana. Nuevamente la persistencia llevó a los educadores a reiniciar la alfabetización y para noviembre del 2006 el método Yo sí puedo era ya una realidad.

Otra vez aterrizó en Haití la profesora Mayda, quien hoy está a cargo del programa en el departamento Oeste y aunque los obstáculos aún no desaparecen, pues continúa limitando la corriente eléctrica y la permanencia de facilitadores que quieran dar clases gratuitamente, se reportan historias que reconfortan.

Allí en Puerto Príncipe recientemente dos grupos de estudiantes concluyeron sus clases y, en lo que muchos catalogaron como la ceremonia más importante de sus vidas, dieron muestras de infinito agradecimiento.

Cecilia Poleus podrá ayudar a su hijo en las tareas; Cilina Dry escribir cartas a sus familiares lejanos; y a los padres de Alicia Esterá les dolerá menos que no hayan podido pagarle la escuela a su hija de 13 años.

Los 1 500 graduados en esta última etapa (diciembre de 2006-abril de 2009) pudieran dar fe de los resultados del Yo sí puedo y dentro de algún tiempo los alumnos de las 297 aulas que actualmente permanecen abiertas asistirán igualmente a la algarabía del reconocimiento.

Mientras, la marcha del conocimiento continúa sobrepasando barreras y hasta la norteña isla de La Tortuga, de donde la asesora Yanet Landa Wilson retornó conmocionada, llegan los reportes.

Su trabajo como defectóloga en la escuela especial 28 de Septiembre, allá en Cacocún, Holguín, no le deparó menos alegrías que las vividas en apenas una semana en esta isla.

"Todos quieren abrir aulas y sobran voluntarios para enseñar. Ha sido difícil poner el límite de 25 alumnos por grupo", describe Yanet.

CONSULTAS DE ALFABETIZACIÓN

Desde diciembre del 2008 la brigada médica cubana comenzó a desandar otro terreno, y sus integrantes encontraron quizás el más complejo de los casos. El cambio de rumbo los hizo responsables de una nueva consulta: esta vez, frente a las aulas.

Para "curar" la ignorancia debieron comprometer a un facilitador que impartiera clases, disponer de un local, lograr donaciones de combustible para cada tarde hacer uso del televisor y el video, y seguir de cerca la alfabetización, pues a pesar de que los asesores educativos de cada departamento coordinan y controlan esta actividad, son los colaboradores de la Salud quienes habitan cada una de las comunas donde el programa se desarrolla.

Entonces aparecieron ejemplos como los de San Rafael; una comuna de Cabo Haitiano donde Yanelys Espinosa Guerra y Cándida Linares Rojas vieron a futuros alumnos levantando un techo para no demorar más el aprendizaje. Bajo él, Roseman Pierre habla de reciprocidad porque "si los cubanos hacen tanto por los haitianos, nosotros no podemos únicamente dar las gracias". Por eso este pastor se convirtió además en facilitador y hoy impulsa la apertura de otros grupos.

A unos kilómetros de allí, en la Ranquitte, Dulce María Rodríguez y Nancy Fernández logran los primeros trazos de Rose Marie. Al nordeste, en la comuna de Ste Zuzanne, en el departamento de Fort Liberté, la inquietud no le da tregua a la doctora Acacia Adelfa y cada día posterga el descanso con el afán de declarar a su comuna territorio libre de analfabetismo.

Pero los 5 881 haitianos que hoy asisten a las aulas no son menos persistentes. La explicación yace también en las imágenes que cuelgan de algunas paredes. Desde ellas, el insigne Toussaint Louverture inspira. Él aprendió a leer y a escribir a los 28 años de edad y a los 58 redactó la primera constitución de este país.
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