Medicare doesn't use different drugs or a completely separate system of treatment to delivery medical care to its millions of beneficiaries. Although there are lots of Doctors who are too good to treat Medicare patients, so by discrimination it is separated in one way. But in the main, it has to live in a very expensive world not of its own making.
Medicare exists in an environment where out of control greed from insurers, Rolls-Royce Drs. and their AMA guild, profit driven private hospital corps, and Big Pharmaceuticals is allowed to drive prices up in a never ending spiral. Medicare is one of the only things in the equation HOLDING THAT SHIT BACK. Privatize Medicare, and the whole system of delivery will rapidly collapse for everyone but millionaires.
Different countries have different systems, but the one thing that all advanced societies do, that is, all countries with better results than our system of pricey employer based, cover-the-lucky, charge-em-an-arm-for-their-leg, is that they take the profit seeking middleman out of the delivery of BASIC healthcare (read: out of 75%-80% of the total market). Many of them like Japan simply dictate by government fiat what procedures, services, medicines, CAN cost the insurance cooperatives; and for-profit hospitals are against the law. Other countries replace for-profit insurance with NON-profit mutual associations and back them up with payment drawn largely from the Social Security system. Others have the government act directly as universal insurer - again with no intent to make a profit. Others like Switzerland require private insurers to offer basic health insurance AT NO PROFIT. None of them do what we do, which is to maintain a totally "market driven" delivery system for basic healthcare, where individuals or individual companies go out and purchase coverage, treatments, hospitalization, and drugs from market participants overwhelmingly driven by the desire to profit in your hour of need. Our traditional system has added group policies through one's place of employment, but because of the centrality of profit in basic healthcare our system it is not too much different from the tradition of medicine in England and the colonies at the time of our founding: if you have a whole lotta money you can afford a Doctor and all that he can do; if you have plenty of money you can see a Doctor but don't expect too much attention, and if you don't have a lot of money BETTER CALL FOR A PRIEST. Priests are always free, their care isn't metered by your credit rating, and you only really need them that one time.