Here's a link to a discussion of the genetic bottleneck which may well have been a result of the Toba explosion.
http://www.andaman.org/book/app-r/ch5_bottleneck/textr5.htm<snip>
Species normally develop over long periods of time and in that time they accumulate genetic variations in their population. If a substantial part of a population is killed, there is an inevitable loss of genetic diversity among the survivors. The smaller the surviving population that comes through a bottleneck, the smaller the diversity among the survivors. That is why it is fairly certain that Homo sapiens has gone through a rather severe bottleneck: the species has not yet had the time to restore its depleted diversity.
While a bottleneck can be identified in the genome of a populaton, it is difficult to determine its intensity and duration: a severe bottleneck cannot be differentiated from a longer, less severe one (ref. Relethford et al., 1994). Still more difficult is it to identify when a bottleneck has taken place. The latter is largely a question of searching through time for a possible cause of a bottleneck and then trying to determine whether the available evidence fits the suspected cause. This is largely what has been done with the Toba YTT event which actually fits surprisingly well and so has a relatively high probability of actually being true. There is no other possible cause in sight but of course, there cannot ever be absolute certainty - there never is in studies of the past.
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Estimating how low the number of members of the species Homo sapiens could have been to account for today's uniformity involves a number of variables that are anything but clear-cut. It has been estimated that only 40-600 females (which translates into a total population of less than 3,000 persons; Harpending H.C. et al. 1993) came through the bottleneck. Another estimate arrived at 500-3,000 females (ref. Rogers A.R. 1993) and yet another at 1,000 to 4,300 individuals (Ayala F.J. 1996; Takahata N. at al. 1995). The highest estimate so far has 10,000 females of reproductive age as the minimum (ref. Ambrose S.H.. 1998). Even if the highest estimate is accepted, we are talking about the entire human race numbering no more than the population of a small country town today.